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JOSUÉ

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Écrit tantôt Yehôchoua, tantôt Hôchea ou Yéchoua ou encore Ièsous (LXX et N.T.), d'où Jésus, ce nom signifie, semble-t-il : l'Éternel est salut.

1. Josué, fils de Nun, de la tribu d'Éphraïm. Il est représenté par la tradition comme le bras droit et le successeur de Moïse. On le voit commander l'armée qui combat les Amalécites (Ex 17:9) et participer activement à la tentative d'invasion de la Palestine par le Sud, connue sous le nom d'épisode des espions (No 13, No 14). Devenu chef du peuple après la mort de Moïse, il dirige les premières opérations de la conquête de Canaan (passage du Jourdain, Jérico, Aï et Béthel, Gabaon et Mérom). Mais, ainsi qu'il arrive aux chefs illustres, la tradition a stylisé, schématisé son activité de conquérant. Elle semble lui avoir prêté des exploits accomplis par d'autres (comp. Jos 10:38 avec Jug 1:1,20 et Jos 15:14,19) et surtout elle lui a attribué une conquête totale du pays de Canaan (Jos 11:16-23 23:1) qui est contredite par les données de Jug 1, et, dans le livre de Josué lui-même (voir art. suiv.), par divers passages anciens (Jos 15:63 16:10). Il est encore cité dans 1Ma 2:53, Sir 46:1, Ac 7:15, Heb 4:8.

2. Propriétaire du champ où s'arrêta l'arche au retour du pays des Philistins (1Sa 6:14).

3. Prêtre institué par David (Vers. Syn. : Jésua), d'après la tradition sacerdotale (1Ch 24:11).

4. Lévite, d'après la même tradition, sous Ézéchias (2Ch 31:15).

5. Chef de Jérusalem sous Josias (2Ro 23:8).

6. Fils de Jotsadak, revenu de l'exil avec la première caravane des rapatriés (Esd 2:2, Ne 7:7). Son nom (Vers. Syn. : Jésua ou Jéhosua) est constamment associé à celui de Zorobabel (le gouverneur) et il est lui-même régulièrement appelé : le grand-prêtre. Il prit une part active à la reconstruction du Temple (Ag 1:1, etc., Esd 3:2,8) et une vision de Zacharie lui est consacrée (3:1,10, cf. 6:10 et suivant). Il est encore cité dans Sir 49:12.

7. Chef de famille (Esd 2:6, Ne 7:11), peut-être le même que n° 2 (Vers. Syn. : Jésua).

8. Famille de Lévites (Esd 2:40 8:33, Ne 7:43 12:8,24), associés à la construction du Temple (Esd 3:9) et aux diverses cérémonies (Ne 8:7 9:4 10:9) ; Vers. Syn. : Jésua.

9. Autre famille de Lévites du même nom (Esd 2:36, Ne 7:39).

10. Ville du S. de Juda (Ne 11:26), sans doute entre Hébron et Béer-Séba (Vers. Syn. : Jésua).

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Exode 17

      9 Moses said to Joshua, "Choose men for us, and go out, fight with Amalek. Tomorrow I will stand on the top of the hill with God's rod in my hand."

      Nombres 13

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Send men, that they may spy out the land of Canaan, which I give to the children of Israel. Of every tribe of their fathers, you shall send a man, every one a prince among them."
      3 Moses sent them from the wilderness of Paran according to the commandment of Yahweh: all of them men who were heads of the children of Israel.
      4 These were their names: Of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua the son of Zaccur.
      5 Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son of Hori.
      6 Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh.
      7 Of the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of Joseph.
      8 Of the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Nun.
      9 Of the tribe of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu.
      10 Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi.
      11 Of the tribe of Joseph, of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi the son of Susi.
      12 Of the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of Gemalli.
      13 Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son of Michael.
      14 Of the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi the son of Vophsi.
      15 Of the tribe of Gad, Geuel the son of Machi.
      16 These are the names of the men who Moses sent to spy out the land. Moses called Hoshea the son of Nun Joshua.
      17 Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said to them, "Go up this way by the South, and go up into the hill country:
      18 and see the land, what it is; and the people who dwell therein, whether they are strong or weak, whether they are few or many;
      19 and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad; and what cities they are that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strongholds;
      20 and what the land is, whether it is fat or lean, whether there is wood therein, or not. Be courageous, and bring of the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the first-ripe grapes."
      21 So they went up, and spied out the land from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, to the entrance of Hamath.
      22 They went up by the South, and came to Hebron; and Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were there. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.)
      23 They came to the valley of Eshcol, and cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bore it on a staff between two. They also brought some of the pomegranates and figs.
      24 That place was called the valley of Eshcol, because of the cluster which the children of Israel cut down from there.
      25 They returned from spying out the land at the end of forty days.
      26 They went and came to Moses, and to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the children of Israel, to the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh; and brought back word to them, and to all the congregation, and showed them the fruit of the land.
      27 They told him, and said, "We came to the land where you sent us; and surely it flows with milk and honey; and this is its fruit.
      28 However the people who dwell in the land are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover, we saw the children of Anak there.
      29 Amalek dwells in the land of the South: and the Hittite, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, dwell in the hill country; and the Canaanite dwells by the sea, and along by the side of the Jordan."
      30 Caleb stilled the people before Moses, and said, "Let us go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it."
      31 But the men who went up with him said, "We aren't able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we."
      32 They brought up an evil report of the land which they had spied out to the children of Israel, saying, "The land, through which we have gone to spy it out, is a land that eats up its inhabitants; and all the people who we saw in it are men of great stature.
      33 There we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, who come of the Nephilim: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight."

      Nombres 14

      1 All the congregation lifted up their voice, and cried; and the people wept that night.
      2 All the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron: and the whole congregation said to them, "Would that we had died in the land of Egypt! or would that we had died in this wilderness!
      3 Why does Yahweh bring us to this land, to fall by the sword? Our wives and our little ones will be a prey: wouldn't it be better for us to return into Egypt?"
      4 They said one to another, "Let us make a captain, and let us return into Egypt."
      5 Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before all the assembly of the congregation of the children of Israel.
      6 Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of those who spied out the land, tore their clothes:
      7 and they spoke to all the congregation of the children of Israel, saying, "The land, which we passed through to spy it out, is an exceeding good land.
      8 If Yahweh delights in us, then he will bring us into this land, and give it to us; a land which flows with milk and honey.
      9 Only don't rebel against Yahweh, neither fear the people of the land; for they are bread for us: their defense is removed from over them, and Yahweh is with us. Don't fear them."
      10 But all the congregation threatened to stone them with stones. The glory of Yahweh appeared in the Tent of Meeting to all the children of Israel.
      11 Yahweh said to Moses, "How long will this people despise me? and how long will they not believe in me, for all the signs which I have worked among them?
      12 I will strike them with the pestilence, and disinherit them, and will make of you a nation greater and mightier than they."
      13 Moses said to Yahweh, "Then the Egyptians will hear it; for you brought up this people in your might from among them;
      14 and they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. They have heard that you Yahweh are in the midst of this people; for you Yahweh are seen face to face, and your cloud stands over them, and you go before them, in a pillar of cloud by day, and in a pillar of fire by night.
      15 Now if you killed this people as one man, then the nations which have heard the fame of you will speak, saying,
      16 'Because Yahweh was not able to bring this people into the land which he swore to them, therefore he has slain them in the wilderness.'
      17 Now please let the power of the Lord be great, according as you have spoken, saying,
      18 'Yahweh is slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, forgiving iniquity and disobedience; and that will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and on the fourth generation.'
      19 Please pardon the iniquity of this people according to the greatness of your loving kindness, and according as you have forgiven this people, from Egypt even until now."
      20 Yahweh said, "I have pardoned according to your word:
      21 but in very deed, as I live, and as all the earth shall be filled with the glory of Yahweh;
      22 because all those men who have seen my glory, and my signs, which I worked in Egypt and in the wilderness, yet have tempted me these ten times, and have not listened to my voice;
      23 surely they shall not see the land which I swore to their fathers, neither shall any of those who despised me see it:
      24 but my servant Caleb, because he had another spirit with him, and has followed me fully, him will I bring into the land into which he went; and his seed shall possess it.
      25 Now the Amalekite and the Canaanite dwell in the valley: tomorrow turn, and go into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea ."
      26 Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,
      27 "How long shall I bear with this evil congregation, that murmur against me? I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel, which they murmur against me.
      28 Tell them, 'As I live, says Yahweh, surely as you have spoken in my ears, so will I do to you:
      29 your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness; and all who were numbered of you, according to your whole number, from twenty years old and upward, who have murmured against me,
      30 surely you shall not come into the land, concerning which I swore that I would make you dwell therein, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.
      31 But your little ones, that you said should be a prey, them will I bring in, and they shall know the land which you have rejected.
      32 But as for you, your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness.
      33 Your children shall be wanderers in the wilderness forty years, and shall bear your prostitution, until your dead bodies be consumed in the wilderness.
      34 After the number of the days in which you spied out the land, even forty days, for every day a year, you will bear your iniquities, even forty years, and you will know my alienation.'
      35 I, Yahweh, have spoken, surely this will I do to all this evil congregation, who are gathered together against me: in this wilderness they shall be consumed, and there they shall die."
      36 The men, whom Moses sent to spy out the land, who returned, and made all the congregation to murmur against him, by bringing up an evil report against the land,
      37 even those men who brought up an evil report of the land, died by the plague before Yahweh.
      38 But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, remained alive of those men who went to spy out the land.
      39 Moses told these words to all the children of Israel: and the people mourned greatly.
      40 They rose up early in the morning, and went up to the top of the mountain, saying, "Behold, we are here, and will go up to the place which Yahweh has promised: for we have sinned."
      41 Moses said, "Why now do you disobey the commandment of Yahweh, since it shall not prosper?
      42 Don't go up, for Yahweh isn't among you; that you not be struck down before your enemies.
      43 For there the Amalekite and the Canaanite are before you, and you shall fall by the sword: because you are turned back from following Yahweh, therefore Yahweh will not be with you."
      44 But they presumed to go up to the top of the mountain: nevertheless the ark of the covenant of Yahweh, and Moses, didn't depart out of the camp.
      45 Then the Amalekite came down, and the Canaanite who lived in that mountain, and struck them and beat them down, even to Hormah.

      Josué 10

      38 Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to Debir, and fought against it.

      Josué 11

      16 So Joshua captured all that land, the hill country, all the South, all the land of Goshen, the lowland, the Arabah, the hill country of Israel, and the lowland of the same;
      17 from Mount Halak, that goes up to Seir, even to Baal Gad in the valley of Lebanon under Mount Hermon. He took all their kings, struck them, and put them to death.
      18 Joshua made war a long time with all those kings.
      19 There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, except the Hivites, the inhabitants of Gibeon. They took all in battle.
      20 For it was of Yahweh to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that he might utterly destroy them, that they might have no favor, but that he might destroy them, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
      21 Joshua came at that time, and cut off the Anakim from the hill country, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the hill country of Judah, and from all the hill country of Israel: Joshua utterly destroyed them with their cities.
      22 There were none of the Anakim left in the land of the children of Israel. Only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod, did some remain.
      23 So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that Yahweh spoke to Moses; and Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to their divisions by their tribes. The land had rest from war.

      Josué 15

      14 Caleb drove out the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of Anak.
      19 She said, "Give me a blessing. Because you have set me in the land of the South, give me also springs of water." He gave her the upper springs and the lower springs.
      63 As for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah couldn't drive them out; but the Jebusites live with the children of Judah at Jerusalem to this day.

      Josué 16

      10 They didn't drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwell in the midst of Ephraim to this day, and have become servants to do forced labor.

      Josué 23

      1 It happened after many days, when Yahweh had given rest to Israel from their enemies all around, and Joshua was old and well advanced in years,

      Juges 1

      1 It happened after the death of Joshua, the children of Israel asked of Yahweh, saying, "Who should go up for us first against the Canaanites, to fight against them?"
      2 Yahweh said, "Judah shall go up. Behold, I have delivered the land into his hand."
      3 Judah said to Simeon his brother, "Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with you into your lot." So Simeon went with him.
      4 Judah went up; and Yahweh delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they struck of them in Bezek ten thousand men.
      5 They found Adoni-Bezek in Bezek; and they fought against him, and they struck the Canaanites and the Perizzites.
      6 But Adoni-Bezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes.
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