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SILO

1.

Lieu de grande importance au début de l'histoire d'Israël. Les Israélites y tenaient leurs assemblées après la conquête, Josué y ayant transporté le tabernacle et l'arche de Guilgal (Jos 18). Ce fut le sanctuaire central pendant l'époque des Juges (Jug 18:31) et le théâtre de fêtes et de pèlerinages religieux (Jug 21:19,1Sa 1:3). C'est à l'une de ces fêtes, pendant les danses, que les fils de Benjamin enlevèrent des femmes pour en faire leurs épouses. Samuel passa sa jeunesse à Silo, sous la garde d'Héli, dans le temple qui avait remplacé la tente. Silo perdit son sanctuaire par la prise de l'arche et la mort des fils d'Héli dans la victoire des Philistins (1Sa 4:12 et suivants). Jérémie (Jer 7:12,14 26:6,9) fait allusion à la destruction de ce temple. Ahija, le prophète, était originaire de Silo (1Ro 11:29 14:2,4). L'emplacement de cette ancienne ville est clairement indiqué dans Jug 21:19 11 faut l'identifier avec la moderne Seiloûn. Les résultats des fouilles prouvent que ce lieu ne fut pas occupé avant la conquête de Canaan par les Israélites (cf. Bull. Amer. Soc. Or. Res., Feb. 1923).

2.

L'expression « jusqu'à ce que vienne le Silo » (Ge 49:10) a été l'objet d'interprétations fort nombreuses. Tout ce qu'on peut en dire avec certitude est qu'elle comporte une valeur messianique très générale et que Juda doit posséder la domination sur Israël (voir Jacob, 9 ; Prophète, VII).

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    • Genèse 49

      10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs. To him will the obedience of the peoples be.

      Josué 18

      1 The whole congregation of the children of Israel assembled themselves together at Shiloh, and set up the Tent of Meeting there. The land was subdued before them.
      2 Seven tribes remained among the children of Israel, which had not yet divided their inheritance.
      3 Joshua said to the children of Israel, "How long will you neglect to go in to possess the land, which Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given you?
      4 Appoint for yourselves three men from each tribe. I will send them, and they shall arise, walk through the land, and describe it according to their inheritance; and they shall come to me.
      5 They shall divide it into seven portions. Judah shall live in his borders on the south, and the house of Joseph shall live in their borders on the north.
      6 You shall survey the land into seven parts, and bring the description here to me; and I will cast lots for you here before Yahweh our God.
      7 For the Levites have no portion among you; for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance. Gad, Reuben, and the half-tribe of Manasseh have received their inheritance beyond the Jordan eastward, which Moses the servant of Yahweh gave them."
      8 The men arose and went. Joshua commanded those who went to survey the land, saying, "Go walk through the land, survey it, and come again to me. I will cast lots for you here before Yahweh in Shiloh."
      9 The men went and passed through the land, and surveyed it by cities into seven portions in a book. They came to Joshua to the camp at Shiloh.
      10 Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh before Yahweh. There Joshua divided the land to the children of Israel according to their divisions.
      11 The lot of the tribe of the children of Benjamin came up according to their families. The border of their lot went out between the children of Judah and the children of Joseph.
      12 Their border on the north quarter was from the Jordan. The border went up to the side of Jericho on the north, and went up through the hill country westward. It ended at the wilderness of Beth Aven.
      13 The border passed along from there to Luz, to the side of Luz (the same is Bethel), southward. The border went down to Ataroth Addar, by the mountain that lies on the south of Beth Horon the lower.
      14 The border extended, and turned around on the west quarter southward, from the mountain that lies before Beth Horon southward; and ended at Kiriath Baal (the same is Kiriath Jearim), a city of the children of Judah. This was the west quarter.
      15 The south quarter was from the farthest part of Kiriath Jearim. The border went out westward, and went out to the spring of the waters of Nephtoah.
      16 The border went down to the farthest part of the mountain that lies before the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is in the valley of Rephaim northward. It went down to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of the Jebusite southward, and went down to En Rogel.
      17 It extended northward, went out at En Shemesh, and went out to Geliloth, which is over against the ascent of Adummim. It went down to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben.
      18 It passed along to the side over against the Arabah northward, and went down to the Arabah.
      19 The border passed along to the side of Beth Hoglah northward; and the border ended at the north bay of the Salt Sea, at the south end of the Jordan. This was the south border.
      20 The Jordan was its border on the east quarter. This was the inheritance of the children of Benjamin, by the borders around it, according to their families.
      21 Now the cities of the tribe of the children of Benjamin according to their families were Jericho, Beth Hoglah, Emek Keziz,
      22 Beth Arabah, Zemaraim, Bethel,
      23 Avvim, Parah, Ophrah,
      24 Chephar Ammoni, Ophni, and Geba; twelve cities with their villages.
      25 Gibeon, Ramah, Beeroth,
      26 Mizpeh, Chephirah, Mozah,
      27 Rekem, Irpeel, Taralah,
      28 Zelah, Eleph, the Jebusite (the same is Jerusalem), Gibeath, and Kiriath; fourteen cities with their villages. This is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin according to their families.

      Josué 19

      51 These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the tribes of the children of Israel, distributed for inheritance by lot in Shiloh before Yahweh, at the door of the Tent of Meeting. So they made an end of dividing the land.

      Josué 21

      2 They spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, "Yahweh commanded Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with their suburbs for our livestock."

      Josué 22

      9 The children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel out of Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go to the land of Gilead, to the land of their possession, which they owned, according to the commandment of Yahweh by Moses.
      12 When the children of Israel heard of it, the whole congregation of the children of Israel gathered themselves together at Shiloh, to go up against them to war.

      Juges 18

      31 So they set them up Micah's engraved image which he made, all the time that God's house was in Shiloh.

      Juges 21

      11 This is the thing that you shall do: you shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman who has lain with a man."
      12 They found among the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead four hundred young virgins, who had not known man by lying with him; and they brought them to the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.
      19 They said, "Behold, there is a feast of Yahweh from year to year in Shiloh, which is on the north of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah."
      21 and see, and behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in the dances, then come out of the vineyards, and each man catch his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin.

      1 Samuel 1

      3 This man went up out of his city from year to year to worship and to sacrifice to Yahweh of Armies in Shiloh. The two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, priests to Yahweh, were there.
      9 So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest was sitting on his seat by the doorpost of Yahweh's temple.
      24 When she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bulls, and one ephah of meal, and a bottle of wine, and brought him to Yahweh's house in Shiloh. The child was young.

      1 Samuel 2

      14 and he struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fork brought up the priest took therewith. So they did in Shiloh to all the Israelites who came there.

      1 Samuel 3

      21 Yahweh appeared again in Shiloh; for Yahweh revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of Yahweh.

      1 Samuel 4

      3 When the people had come into the camp, the elders of Israel said, "Why has Yahweh struck us today before the Philistines? Let us get the ark of the covenant of Yahweh out of Shiloh to us, that it may come among us, and save us out of the hand of our enemies."
      4 So the people sent to Shiloh; and they brought from there the ark of the covenant of Yahweh of Armies, who sits above the cherubim: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.
      12 There ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day, with his clothes torn, and with earth on his head.

      1 Samuel 14

      3 and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of Yahweh in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. The people didn't know that Jonathan was gone.

      Psaumes 78

      60 So that he forsook the tent of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men;

      Jérémie 7

      12 But go now to my place which was in Shiloh, where I caused my name to dwell at the first, and see what I did to it for the wickedness of my people Israel.
      14 therefore will I do to the house which is called by my name, in which you trust, and to the place which I gave to you and to your fathers, as I did to Shiloh.

      Jérémie 26

      6 then will I make this house like Shiloh, and will make this city a curse to all the nations of the earth.
      9 Why have you prophesied in the name of Yahweh, saying, This house shall be like Shiloh, and this city shall be desolate, without inhabitant? All the people were gathered to Jeremiah in the house of Yahweh.

      Jérémie 41

      5 that there came men from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, even eighty men, having their beards shaved and their clothes torn, and having cut themselves, with meal offerings and frankincense in their hand, to bring them to the house of Yahweh.
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