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My son, fear Yahweh and the king. Don't join those who are rebellious:
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Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego answered the king, Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer you in this matter.
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If it be [so], our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace; and he will deliver us out of your hand, O king.
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But if not, be it known to you, O king, that we will not serve your gods, nor worship the golden image which you have set up.
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When Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house (now his windows were open in his room toward Jerusalem) and he kneeled on his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God, as he did before.
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Then these men assembled together, and found Daniel making petition and supplication before his God.
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When he came near to the den to Daniel, he cried with a lamentable voice; the king spoke and said to Daniel, Daniel, servant of the living God, is your God, whom you serve continually, able to deliver you from the lions?
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Then Daniel said to the king, O king, live forever.
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My God has sent his angel, and has shut the lions' mouths, and they have not hurt me; because as before him innocence was found in me; and also before you, O king, have I done no hurt.
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Then was the king exceeding glad, and commanded that they should take Daniel up out of the den. So Daniel was taken up out of the den, and no kind of harm was found on him, because he had trusted in his God.
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"A son honors his father, and a servant his master. If I am a father, then where is my honor? And if I am a master, where is the respect due me? Says Yahweh of Armies to you, priests, who despise my name. You say, 'How have we despised your name?'
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You offer polluted bread on my altar. You say, 'How have we polluted you?' In that you say, 'Yahweh's table contemptible.'
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When you offer the blind for sacrifice, isn't that evil? And when you offer the lame and sick, isn't that evil? Present it now to your governor! Will he be pleased with you? Or will he accept your person?" says Yahweh of Armies.
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Will a man rob God? Yet you rob me! But you say, 'How have we robbed you?' In tithes and offerings.
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You are cursed with the curse; for you rob me, even this whole nation.
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Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse, that there may be food in my house, and test me now in this," says Yahweh of Armies, "if I will not open you the windows of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there shall not be room enough for.
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Then Jesus said to him, "Get behind me, Satan! For it is written, 'You shall worship the Lord your God, and you shall serve him only.'"
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He said, "Yes." When he came into the house, Jesus anticipated him, saying, "What do you think, Simon? From whom do the kings of the earth receive toll or tribute? From their children, or from strangers?"
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Peter said to him, "From strangers." Jesus said to him, "Therefore the children are exempt.
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But, lest we cause them to stumble, go to the sea, cast a hook, and take up the first fish that comes up. When you have opened its mouth, you will find a stater coin. Take that, and give it to them for me and you."
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They said to him, "Caesar's." Then he said to them, "Give therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's."
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Jesus said to him, "'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.'
2
They began to accuse him, saying, "We found this man perverting the nation, forbidding paying taxes to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ, a king."
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But Peter and John answered them, "Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, judge for yourselves,
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But Peter and the apostles answered, "We must obey God rather than men.
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Give therefore to everyone what you owe: taxes to whom taxes are due; customs to whom customs; respect to whom respect; honor to whom honor.
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Therefore subject yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether to the king, as supreme;
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or to governors, as sent by him for vengeance on evildoers and for praise to those who do well.
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For this is the will of God, that by well-doing you should put to silence the ignorance of foolish men:
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as free, and not using your freedom for a cloak of wickedness, but as bondservants of God.
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Honor all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king.
Il fallait donc payer l'impôt et remplir toutes les obligations civiles du citoyen envers le souverain. Mais, d'autre part, Dieu restait le souverain de son peuple ; chaque âme porte son image et son inscription ; c'est donc à lui qu'il s'agit de rendre tout ce qui lui est dû, non seulement le tribut pour le service du temple, mais l'honneur l'adoration, le cœur, la vie entière.
Dans ces paroles, Jésus n'examine point la légitimité de la domination romaine ; comme Israélite, il n'y a pas de doute qu'il ne déplorât la conquête, mais il veut que son peuple considère son asservissement comme un châtiment de Dieu et qu'il s'en humilie.
Il pose donc le principe qu'un pouvoir qui existe de fait doit être reconnu comme autorisé ou permis par la Providence divine. Le chrétien est tenu de s'y soumettre et ne peut avoir recours à des moyens illégaux ou violents pour s'y soustraire. Mais aussi cette parole du Sauveur établit la distinction la plus précise entre les deux sphères du temporel et du spirituel, des droits de César et des droits de Dieu. Là où le pouvoir a la prétention d'empiéter sur les droits de la conscience qui sont ceux de Dieu, c'est le cas de redire avec les apôtres : "Il faut obéir à Dieu plutôt qu'aux hommes," (Actes 5.29)