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Romains 1.3

Touchant son Fils, né de la race de David selon la chair,
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La bible annotée Commentaire de Matthew Henry
Les mots concernant son Fils indiquent à la fois le contenu de l'Evangile de Dieu et l'objet de la prophétie.

Le Fils de Dieu se présente à l'apôtre sous un double aspect : issu de la postérité de David selon la chair, déclaré Fils de Dieu selon l'Esprit de sainteté.

- Selon la chair, c'est-à-dire en tant qu'homme, Jésus est issu (grec devenu rejeton) de la race de David.

Il importe de bien entendre ce mot de chair appliqué à Jésus Christ. D'une part, il semble dire trop peu, car le Sauveur s'est approprié la nature humaine tout entière et pas seulement notre chair ; d'un autre côté, il paraît exprimer trop, parce que, à l'idée de chair, s'attache celle de péché ; or Paul n'admettait pas que le Sauveur ait eu part à notre corruption.

Le terme de chair est employé dans des acceptions diverses par les auteurs sacrés il désigne proprement les parties molles du corps de l'homme ; (Genèse 2.23) puis le corps tout entier. (1Corinthiens 15.37-40) Le corps était destiné à servir d'instrument docile à notre esprit, qui devait lui-même obéir à l'Esprit de Dieu.

Originairement donc, aucun élément de péché n'était impliqué dans l'idée de la chair, partie matérielle de notre être. Mais lorsque, par la chute, (Genèse 3) l'esprit de l'homme se fut soustrait à l'influence et à la direction de l'Esprit de Dieu, l'homme livré à une volonté sans boussole et sans force, fut incapable de maintenir son corps dans l'obéissance.

La chair acquit une vie propre, une activité indépendante, l'intelligence et la volonté furent soumises à l'empire des sens. Dès lors l'esprit, qui devait commander, sert le corps, qui devait obéir, commande.

En tenant compte de cet état de choses, les écrivains sacrés attachent souvent l'idée de péché au mot de chair. Ce n'est pas qu'ils envisagent le corps comme la source et le siège unique du péché ; celui-ci gît essentiellement dans la volonté humaine révoltée contre Dieu, privée de la communion avec Dieu et cherchant en vain dans les créatures une compensation à cette perte irréparable, un point d'appui contre le sentiment de son propre néant.

Mais quoique le péché se manifeste le plus souvent par le corps, parce que l'homme est tombé sous l'esclavage des sens, il est des vices de nature spirituelle auxquels le corps n'a aucune part directe, que l'écriture qualifie pourtant de charnels, "d'œuvres de la chair ;" l'orgueil spirituel, (Colossiens 2.18) la haine, la jalousie, la colère, les animosités. (Galates 5.20)

En un mot, la chair, dans ce second sens, désigne la nature humaine déchue, corrompue, assujettie au péché, (Jean 3.6) incapable par elle même de se relever en saisissant la vérité salutaire quand celle-ci lui est présentée. (Matthieu 16.17 ; 1Corinthiens 2.14)

Enfin, comme les conséquences du péché, sinon les plus funestes, du moins les plus apparentes, se manifestent surtout dans le corps qui lui a servi d'instrument (la douleur, les infirmités, les maladies, la mort), le mot de chair est souvent employé pour désigner notre nature souffrante, défaillante, mortelle, que le péché a vouée à la destruction. (1Pierre 1.24)

De ces trois sens du mot chair : substance matérielle du corps, état où l'esprit est asservi aux sens, faiblesse de l'homme soumis à la douleur et à la mort, lequel est appliqué à Jésus-Christ ? Evidemment le dernier.

Il a pris notre nature dans son infirmité, portant en elle les conséquences amères du péché ; de là vient qu'il a partagé toutes nos misères et que, de plus, il a subi les diverses tentations auxquelles nous sommes exposés (Luc 4.1-13 ; Hébreux 5.7 ; comparez Romains 8.3 note.).

Cependant il est resté pur de toute atteinte du péché, de toute souillure du corps et de l'esprit, (Hébreux 4.15 ; 7.26 ; 9.14 ; Jean 8.46) en lui, la chair fut constamment soumise à la domination d'une volonté sanctifiée par l'Esprit de Dieu. Second Adam, il a ainsi parfaitement accompli, au sein de notre humanité déchue, la loi divine que le premier Adam aurait dû accomplir dans son état d'intégrité originelle. Par sa victoire sur le péché, il a ramené la chair et l'esprit, l'homme entier, à sa destination primitive.

- Le moyen de cette victoire a été l'esprit de sainteté. Cette expression n'est pas synonyme de Saint-Esprit. Paul ne veut pas dire que le Saint-Esprit ait été en Jésus Christ, par opposition à la chair humaine, l'élément spécifiquement divin de son être.

L'esprit dans le langage de Paul est d'une part la faculté qui rend l'homme capable de subir l'action de l'Esprit de Dieu, l'organe par lequel il entre en rapport avec Dieu ; (1Thessaloniciens 5.23 ; 2Corinthiens 7.1) et, d'autre part, le principe divin et créateur qui accomplit dans le cœur du croyant l'œuvre de la régénération. (Romains 8.9,10)

En Jésus-Christ, pendant sa vie terrestre, l'esprit humain fut constamment dominé par l'Esprit de Dieu, de sorte qu'il fut saint dans toute sa conduite et dans tout son être. Cette parfaite sainteté fut la cause morale de sa résurrection, de sa victoire sur la mort, salaire du péché.

C'est conformément à l'esprit de sainteté qui était en lui qu'il est ressuscité. Et par cette résurrection, nous dit l'apôtre, il a été déclaré Fils de Dieu avec puissance.

Nous traduisons ainsi un verbe que d'autres rendent par il a été établi, et qui signifie proprement déterminé, délimité. Il exprime l'effet de la résurrection de Jésus-Christ : elle a manifesté aux hommes sa qualité de Fils de Dieu.

L'apôtre ne veut pas dire que Jésus est devenu Fils de Dieu par sa résurrection, que celle-ci lui a conféré une dignité qu'il ne possédait pas avant ; c'est pourquoi il nous paraît préférable de traduire déclaré plutôt que établi Fils de Dieu.

- Avec puissance se rapporte à déclaré par sa résurrection : cette résurrection fut une puissante, une éclatante démonstration de sa qualité de Fils de Dieu. D'autres rapportent ce complément circonstanciel à Fils de Dieu : il a été déclaré ou établi Fils de Dieu dans la puissance, par opposition à son existence terrestre où il était Fils de Dieu dans la faiblesse.

- Par sa résurrection d'entre les morts (grec par une résurrection de morts) : par cette tournure, Paul ne désigne pas directement le fait de la résurrection de Jésus-Christ, mais veut indiquer plutôt de quelle sorte était cette démonstration de la divinité du Christ.

La préposition grecque pourrait avoir le sens temporel : dès sa résurrection ; mais cette indication chronologique n'aurait pas une grande utilité. La pensée de l'apôtre est plutôt de présenter la résurrection de Jésus-Christ comme la cause efficiente de sa glorification.

Par sa résurrection, le Christ a été élevé à la droite du Père ; il n'appartient plus dès lors à Israël seul, mais à l'humanité entière ; et, en vertu de la toute-puissance qui lui a été donnée au ciel et sur la terre, il étend son règne sur tous les peuples par les instruments qu'il s'est choisis pour cela. (verset 5)

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Matthew Henry © traduction Dominique Osché
et qui concerne 4012 son 846 Fils 5207 né 3588 1096 5637 de 1537 la postérité 4690 de David 1138, selon 2596 la chair 4561,
846 - autos lui-même, elle-même, eux-mêmes il, elle le même 1096 - ginomai devenir: venir dans l'existence, commencer à être devenir, revenir au passé, arriver pour des événements … 1138 - Dabid second roi d'Israël, et ancêtre de Jésus-Christ 1537 - ek hors de, depuis, de, par, loin de 2596 - kata depuis, entre selon, envers, le long de, contre ... 3588 - ho ce, cet, ces, etc. 4012 - peri autour, concernant, à cause de, parce que, près de, ... 4561 - sarx la chair (la substance du corps vivant, qui recouvre les os, et qui est irriguée … 4690 - sperma de ce qui fera germer un plant la semence c.à.d. la graine ou noyau qui … 5207 - huios un fils rarement utilisé pour le petit d'un animal généralement utilisé pour la descendance des … 5637 Temps - Aoriste Second 5780 Voix - Moyenne Déponente 5788 Mode - Participe 5796 Nombre …
© Éditions CLÉ, avec autorisation

BIBLE (la) Définition biblique de Bible (la) : Le terme Bible désigne l'ensemble des saintes Écritures, document … CORINTHE Était, au temps de Paul, la plus prospère des cités grecques (7 a 800.000 hab., … DAVID (=bien-aimé). Second roi d'Israël, le plus grand de tous ; fondateur de la dynastie, qui … GÉNÉALOGIE DE JÉSUS-CHRIST Définition biblique de Généalogie de Jésus-Christ : La généalogie de Jésus se trouve dans deux … NOUVEAU TESTAMENT (Interprétation du) ANTIQUITE. Le gnosticisme (voir ce mot), en cherchant, au moyen de l'allégorie, à adapter les … PAUL (l'apôtre) 8. VII Le penseur. Aux questions que la vie chrétienne et l'activité apostolique posaient devant lui, …

    • Genèse 3

      15 I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring. He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel."

      2 Samuel 7

      12 When your days are fulfilled, and you shall sleep with your fathers, I will set up your seed after you, who shall proceed out of your bowels, and I will establish his kingdom.
      13 He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever.
      14 I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commits iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men;
      15 but my loving kindness shall not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before you.
      16 Your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before you. Your throne shall be established forever."'"

      Psaumes 2

      7 I will tell of the decree. Yahweh said to me, "You are my son. Today I have become your father.

      Psaumes 89

      36 His seed will endure forever, his throne like the sun before me.
      37 It will be established forever like the moon, the faithful witness in the sky." Selah.

      Esaïe 9

      6 For to us a child is born. To us a son is given; and the government will be on his shoulders. His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
      7 Of the increase of his government and of peace there shall be no end, on the throne of David, and on his kingdom, to establish it, and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from that time on, even forever. The zeal of Yahweh of Armies will perform this.

      Jérémie 23

      5 Behold, the days come, says Yahweh, that I will raise to David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land.
      6 In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely; and this is his name by which he shall be called: Yahweh our righteousness.

      Jérémie 33

      15 In those days, and at that time, will I cause a Branch of righteousness to grow up to David; and he shall execute justice and righteousness in the land.
      16 In those days shall Judah be saved, and Jerusalem shall dwell safely; and this is the name by which she shall be called: Yahweh our righteousness.
      17 For thus says Yahweh: David shall never want a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel;
      26 then will I also cast away the seed of Jacob, and of David my servant, so that I will not take of his seed to be rulers over the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: for I will cause their captivity to return, and will have mercy on them.

      Amos 9

      11 In that day I will raise up the tent of David who is fallen, and close up its breaches, and I will raise up its ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old;

      Matthieu 1

      1 The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ , the son of David, the son of Abraham.
      6 Jesse became the father of King David. David became the father of Solomon by her who had been the wife of Uriah.
      16 Jacob became the father of Joseph, the husband of Mary, from whom was born Jesus , who is called Christ.
      20 But when he thought about these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, "Joseph, son of David, don't be afraid to take to yourself Mary, your wife, for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit.
      21 She shall bring forth a son. You shall call his name Jesus, for it is he who shall save his people from their sins."
      22 Now all this has happened, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying,
      23 "Behold, the virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son. They shall call his name Immanuel"; which is, being interpreted, "God with us."

      Matthieu 3

      17 Behold, a voice out of the heavens said, "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased."

      Matthieu 9

      27 As Jesus passed by from there, two blind men followed him, calling out and saying, "Have mercy on us, son of David!"

      Matthieu 12

      23 All the multitudes were amazed, and said, "Can this be the son of David?"

      Matthieu 15

      22 Behold, a Canaanite woman came out from those borders, and cried, saying, "Have mercy on me, Lord, you son of David! My daughter is severely demonized!"

      Matthieu 22

      42 saying, "What do you think of the Christ? Whose son is he?" They said to him, "Of David."
      43 He said to them, "How then does David in the Spirit call him Lord, saying,
      44 'The Lord said to my Lord, sit on my right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet?'
      45 "If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?"

      Matthieu 26

      63 But Jesus held his peace. The high priest answered him, "I adjure you by the living God, that you tell us whether you are the Christ, the Son of God."

      Matthieu 27

      43 He trusts in God. Let God deliver him now, if he wants him; for he said, 'I am the Son of God.'"

      Luc 1

      31 Behold, you will conceive in your womb, and bring forth a son, and will call his name 'Jesus.'
      32 He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father, David,
      33 and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever. There will be no end to his Kingdom."
      35 The angel answered her, "The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy one who is born from you will be called the Son of God.
      69 and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David

      Luc 2

      4 Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David;
      5 to enroll himself with Mary, who was pledged to be married to him as wife, being pregnant.
      6 It happened, while they were there, that the day had come that she should give birth.

      Jean 1

      14 The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the one and only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth.
      34 I have seen, and have testified that this is the Son of God."
      49 Nathanael answered him, "Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are King of Israel!"

      Jean 3

      16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life.
      17 For God didn't send his Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world should be saved through him.
      18 He who believes in him is not judged. He who doesn't believe has been judged already, because he has not believed in the name of the one and only Son of God.
      35 The Father loves the Son, and has given all things into his hand.
      36 One who believes in the Son has eternal life, but one who disobeys the Son won't see life, but the wrath of God remains on him."

      Jean 5

      25 Most certainly, I tell you, the hour comes, and now is, when the dead will hear the Son of God's voice; and those who hear will live.

      Jean 7

      42 Hasn't the Scripture said that the Christ comes of the seed of David, and from Bethlehem, the village where David was?"

      Jean 10

      30 I and the Father are one."
      36 do you say of him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, 'You blaspheme,' because I said, 'I am the Son of God?'

      Jean 20

      28 Thomas answered him, "My Lord and my God!"
      31 but these are written, that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name.

      Actes 2

      30 Therefore, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne,

      Actes 3

      13 The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified his Servant Jesus, whom you delivered up, and denied in the presence of Pilate, when he had determined to release him.

      Actes 8

      36 As they went on the way, they came to some water, and the eunuch said, "Behold, here is water. What is keeping me from being baptized?"

      Actes 9

      20 Immediately in the synagogues he proclaimed the Christ, that he is the Son of God.

      Actes 13

      22 When he had removed him, he raised up David to be their king, to whom he also testified, 'I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after my heart, who will do all my will.'
      23 From this man's seed, God has brought salvation to Israel according to his promise,

      Romains 1

      3 concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh,
      9 For God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the Good News of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you always in my prayers,

      Romains 8

      2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus made me free from the law of sin and of death.
      3 For what the law couldn't do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God did, sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh;
      29 For whom he foreknew, he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers.
      30 Whom he predestined, those he also called. Whom he called, those he also justified. Whom he justified, those he also glorified.
      31 What then shall we say about these things? If God is for us, who can be against us?
      32 He who didn't spare his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how would he not also with him freely give us all things?

      Romains 9

      5 of whom are the fathers, and from whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God, blessed forever. Amen.

      1 Corinthiens 1

      9 God is faithful, through whom you were called into the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord.

      Galates 4

      4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent out his Son, born to a woman, born under the law,

      Colossiens 1

      13 who delivered us out of the power of darkness, and translated us into the Kingdom of the Son of his love;
      14 in whom we have our redemption, the forgiveness of our sins;
      15 who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation.

      1 Thessaloniciens 1

      10 and to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead--Jesus, who delivers us from the wrath to come.

      1 Timothée 3

      16 Without controversy, the mystery of godliness is great: God was revealed in the flesh, justified in the spirit, seen by angels, preached among the nations, believed on in the world, and received up in glory.

      2 Timothée 2

      8 Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, of the seed of David, according to my Good News,

      1 Jean 1

      3 that which we have seen and heard we declare to you, that you also may have fellowship with us. Yes, and our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son, Jesus Christ.

      1 Jean 3

      8 He who sins is of the devil, for the devil has been sinning from the beginning. To this end the Son of God was revealed, that he might destroy the works of the devil.
      23 This is his commandment, that we should believe in the name of his Son, Jesus Christ, and love one another, even as he commanded.

      1 Jean 4

      2 By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit who confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is of God,
      3 and every spirit who doesn't confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is not of God, and this is the spirit of the Antichrist, of whom you have heard that it comes. Now it is in the world already.
      9 By this God's love was revealed in us, that God has sent his one and only Son into the world that we might live through him.
      10 In this is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son as the atoning sacrifice for our sins.
      15 Whoever confesses that Jesus is the Son of God, God remains in him, and he in God.

      1 Jean 5

      1 Whoever believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God. Whoever loves the Father also loves the child who is born of him.
      5 Who is he who overcomes the world, but he who believes that Jesus is the Son of God?
      10 He who believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself. He who doesn't believe God has made him a liar, because he has not believed in the testimony that God has given concerning his Son.
      11 The testimony is this, that God gave to us eternal life, and this life is in his Son.
      12 He who has the Son has the life. He who doesn't have God's Son doesn't have the life.
      13 These things I have written to you who believe in the name of the Son of God, that you may know that you have eternal life, and that you may continue to believe in the name of the Son of God.
      20 We know that the Son of God has come, and has given us an understanding, that we know him who is true, and we are in him who is true, in his Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God, and eternal life.

      2 Jean 1

      7 For many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who don't confess that Jesus Christ came in the flesh. This is the deceiver and the Antichrist.

      Apocalypse 2

      18 "To the angel of the assembly in Thyatira write: "The Son of God, who has his eyes like a flame of fire, and his feet are like burnished brass, says these things:

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