1 Corinthiens 11.3

L'apôtre fonde ici les enseignements moraux qu'il veut inculquer à ses lecteurs sur les vérités bibliques relatives au rapport que Dieu a établi entre l'homme et la femme.

Mais, s'élevant immédiatement à une pensée infiniment plus haute, il voit dans ce rapport une image de celui qui unit notre humanité avec Christ, et par lui avec Dieu lui-même.

Dieu, dans son infinie condescendance, a voulu créer des êtres intelligents capables de le connaître et de l'aimer, qui, malgré leur absolue dépendance de lui, lui fussent pourtant semblables par l'amour, et qui trouvassent dans cet amour le vrai motif de l'obéissance due au souverain Maître, le vrai rapport entre la créature et le Créateur.

Pour cela, Christ, qui est à la fois le Dieu révélé et le révélateur de Dieu, le Médiateur et le lien de ce rapport entre la créature et le Créateur, est devenu le Chef (Grec : "la Tête") de l'homme, l'Epoux de son Eglise qu'il a rachetée et qu'il veut présenter à Dieu pure et sans tache. (Ephésiens 5.22 et suivants) Mais en tant que Christ lui-même s'est fait homme semblable à nous, membre réel de cette humanité, Dieu est son Chef.

Christ est, à la fois, Celui "par qui et pour qui toutes choses ont été faites," et le "premierné entre plusieurs frères ;" comme ces derniers, il met sa confiance en Dieu, il invoque Dieu, il peut s'approprier les paroles du prophète : "Me voici moi et les enfants que Dieu m'a donnés," (Hébreux 2.13) il s'identifie avec eux dans un même rapport de subordination et d'amour.

Maintenant, Paul voit une image de ce rapport dans celui du mari et de la femme. Cette image, qui se trouve déjà dans l'Ancien Testament, a été développée et réalise dans le Nouveau. L'homme fut d'abord créé à l'image de Dieu, puis la femme, pour être son aide ; (versets 8,9) l'homme n'est donc dépendant que de Dieu en Christ ; la femme est dans la même relation avec Dieu sans doute (car l'apôtre, en disant que Christ est le Chef de l'homme, n'exclut point la femme de cette relation), mais elle est en même temps dépendante de son mari, qui est son guide, son appui, et le lien naturel entre elle et Dieu. (1Corinthiens 14.34,35)

Tout cela est pris à un point de vue idéal (comme la Bible le fait toujours), et suppose les choses telles qu'elles doivent être ou devenir.

Il y a plus : cette dépendance de la femme n'est que pour le temps de l'épreuve ici-bas ; (Matthieu 22.30 ; Luc 20.34-36) et même dans la mesure où la vie éternelle apparaît au sein de cette vie terrestre, se manifeste aussi dans cette inégalité l'égalité qui un jour sera parfaite ; "en Christ, il n'y a plus ni homme, ni femme." (Galates 3.28)

Ainsi, le même apôtre qui insiste si fort sur la diversité qui existe dans ce rapport terrestre, image de l'union de l'homme avec Dieu, enseigne tout aussi clairement l'unité des âmes en Dieu, sans distinction de sexe ni de rang.

Ce contraste, qui n'est point une contradiction, se retrouve dans toutes les relations de la vie humaine : subordination des uns à l'égard des autres, et pourtant égalité devant Dieu, égalité qui atteindra un jour à sa perfection.


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    • Genèse 3

      16 To the woman he said, "I will greatly multiply your pain in childbirth. In pain you will bear children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you."

      Esaïe 49

      3 and he said to me, "You are my servant; Israel, in whom I will be glorified."
      4 But I said, "I have labored in vain, I have spent my strength for nothing and vanity; yet surely the justice due to me is with Yahweh, and my reward with my God."
      5 Now says Yahweh who formed me from the womb to be his servant, to bring Jacob again to him, and that Israel be gathered to him (for I am honorable in the eyes of Yahweh, and my God has become my strength);
      6 yes, he says, "It is too light a thing that you should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will also give you for a light to the nations, that you may be my salvation to the end of the earth."

      Esaïe 52

      13 Behold, my servant shall deal wisely, he shall be exalted and lifted up, and shall be very high.

      Esaïe 55

      4 Behold, I have given him for a witness to the peoples, a leader and commander to the peoples.

      Esaïe 61

      1 The Spirit of the Lord Yahweh is on me; because Yahweh has anointed me to preach good news to the humble. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and release to those who are bound;
      2 to proclaim the year of Yahweh's favor, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all who mourn;
      3 to appoint to those who mourn in Zion, to give to them a garland for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they may be called trees of righteousness, the planting of Yahweh, that he may be glorified.
      4 They shall build the old wastes, they shall raise up the former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the desolations of many generations.

      Matthieu 28

      18 Jesus came to them and spoke to them, saying, "All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth.

      Jean 3

      34 For he whom God has sent speaks the words of God; for God gives the Spirit without measure.
      35 The Father loves the Son, and has given all things into his hand.
      36 One who believes in the Son has eternal life, but one who disobeys the Son won't see life, but the wrath of God remains on him."

      Jean 5

      20 For the Father has affection for the Son, and shows him all things that he himself does. He will show him greater works than these, that you may marvel.
      21 For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son also gives life to whom he desires.
      22 For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son,
      23 that all may honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. He who doesn't honor the Son doesn't honor the Father who sent him.
      24 "Most certainly I tell you, he who hears my word, and believes him who sent me, has eternal life, and doesn't come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life.
      25 Most certainly, I tell you, the hour comes, and now is, when the dead will hear the Son of God's voice; and those who hear will live.
      26 For as the Father has life in himself, even so he gave to the Son also to have life in himself.
      27 He also gave him authority to execute judgment, because he is a son of man.
      28 Don't marvel at this, for the hour comes, in which all that are in the tombs will hear his voice,
      29 and will come out; those who have done good, to the resurrection of life; and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of judgment.
      30 I can of myself do nothing. As I hear, I judge, and my judgment is righteous; because I don't seek my own will, but the will of my Father who sent me.

      Jean 14

      28 You heard how I told you, 'I go away, and I come to you.' If you loved me, you would have rejoiced, because I said 'I am going to my Father;' for the Father is greater than I.

      Jean 17

      2 even as you gave him authority over all flesh, he will give eternal life to all whom you have given him.
      3 This is eternal life, that they should know you, the only true God, and him whom you sent, Jesus Christ.
      4 I glorified you on the earth. I have accomplished the work which you have given me to do.
      5 Now, Father, glorify me with your own self with the glory which I had with you before the world existed.

      1 Corinthiens 3

      23 and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's.

      1 Corinthiens 11

      3 But I would have you know that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is the man, and the head of Christ is God.

      1 Corinthiens 15

      27 For, "He put all things in subjection under his feet." But when he says, "All things are put in subjection," it is evident that he is excepted who subjected all things to him.
      28 When all things have been subjected to him, then the Son will also himself be subjected to him who subjected all things to him, that God may be all in all.

      Ephésiens 1

      20 which he worked in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and made him to sit at his right hand in the heavenly places,
      21 far above all rule, and authority, and power, and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this age, but also in that which is to come.
      22 He put all things in subjection under his feet, and gave him to be head over all things for the assembly,
      23 which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all.

      Ephésiens 4

      15 but speaking truth in love, we may grow up in all things into him, who is the head, Christ;

      Ephésiens 5

      22 Wives, be subject to your own husbands, as to the Lord.
      23 For the husband is the head of the wife, and Christ also is the head of the assembly, being himself the savior of the body.
      24 But as the assembly is subject to Christ, so let the wives also be to their own husbands in everything.

      Philippiens 2

      7 but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men.
      8 And being found in human form, he humbled himself, becoming obedient to death, yes, the death of the cross.
      9 Therefore God also highly exalted him, and gave to him the name which is above every name;
      10 that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven, those on earth, and those under the earth,
      11 and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

      Colossiens 1

      18 He is the head of the body, the assembly, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.

      Colossiens 2

      10 and in him you are made full, who is the head of all principality and power;
      19 and not holding firmly to the Head, from whom all the body, being supplied and knit together through the joints and ligaments, grows with God's growth.

      Colossiens 3

      18 Wives, be in subjection to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord.

      1 Timothée 2

      11 Let a woman learn in quietness with all subjection.
      12 But I don't permit a woman to teach, nor to exercise authority over a man, but to be in quietness.

      1 Pierre 3

      1 In the same way, wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; so that, even if any don't obey the Word, they may be won by the behavior of their wives without a word;
      5 For this is how the holy women before, who hoped in God also adorned themselves, being in subjection to their own husbands:
      6 as Sarah obeyed Abraham, calling him lord, whose children you now are, if you do well, and are not put in fear by any terror.

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