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Tite 3.5

Grec : "Non par des œuvres dans la justice lesquelles nous eussions faites." (Comparer Romains 3.27, note ; Ephésiens 2.9 ; 2Timothée 1.9).

"Que la présomption des mérites humains, qui n'ont point la grâce de Jésus-Christ pour principe, soit ici confondue ; et que toute gloire de notre salut soit donnée à la miséricorde de Dieu par Jésus-Christ : nouvelle naissance, nouvel homme, nouvel esprit." Quesnel.

Voir Ephésiens 2.4 ; 1Pierre 1.3.

Ces mots, dans l'original, sont en rapport immédiat avec ceux-ci : "Il nous a sauvés." Il s'agit donc ici, non de l'œuvre du salut accomplie par Jésus-Christ sur la croix, mais de l'appropriation de ce salut aux âmes, laquelle a lieu par la régénération (littér. la renaissance) qu'opère l'Esprit-Saint.

Mais, au lieu de nommer simplement cet Esprit-Saint, l'apôtre mentionne en même temps le symbole de son action divine, le baptême

"Il nous a sauvés par l'ablution, ou le bain de la régénération et le renouvellement de l'Esprit-Saint." (Il faut remarquer qu'ici les mots régénération et renouvellement sont synonymes et expriment une seule et même chose.)

Comme Jésus-Christ, (Jean 3.5) Paul rattache la réalité à l'image, la grâce signifiée au signe, la régénération à l'acte qui en est le symbole : non pour enseigner que ces deux choses sont inséparables, non pour attribuer à l'acte extérieur une puissance qui n'appartient qu'à l'Esprit de Dieu ; mais bien certainement pour montrer que cet acte, institué par Jésus-Christ, n'est pas une vaine cérémonie, et qu'au contraire le Seigneur l'accompagne, pour ceux qui sont baptisés ayant la foi, de la grâce efficace dont il est le signe.

C'est pourquoi, d'une part, il est faux d'envisager tout baptisé comme étant par cela même régénéré, non moins faux que si l'on voulait prétendre que tout communiant est un membre vivant du corps de Christ.

Mais, d'un autre côté, il est faux aussi de ne considérer ces symboles des grâces divines que comme un signe extérieur qui ne communique rien à l'âme, et qui ne ferait que confirmer ce qu'elle aurait déjà reçu, indépendamment de ces symboles.

Dans ce dernier cas, il serait impossible de comprendre pourquoi l'Ecriture nous présente partout le signe visible et la grâce invisible dans un rapport si intime, bien plus impossible encore de comprendre le langage de Paul dans Romains 6.1-11. (Voir les notes.)

"Les apôtres ont l'habitude de tirer des symboles un argument pour prouver la chose qui y est renfermée, parce que ce principe doit être admis parmi les fidèles, que Dieu ne se joue pas de nous par de vaines figures, mais que, par sa vertu puissante, il communique au dedans ce qu'il montre par le signe extérieur." Calvin.

- Le mot par lequel Paul désigne ici le baptême et qui signifie proprement "l'ablution," ne se retrouve qu'une seule fois dans le Nouveau Testament. (Ephésiens 5.26, note.)

- Au reste, l'apôtre se hâte d'expliquer sans figure l'œuvre qu'il a ainsi rattachée au symbole du baptême ; il en montre la source et la cause efficace dans cet Esprit de Dieu qui produit en l'homme un complet renouvellement moral. (Comparer Romains 12.2 ; Ephésiens 4.23 ; Colossiens 3.10, note.)


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    • Job 9

      20 Though I am righteous, my own mouth shall condemn me. Though I am blameless, it shall prove me perverse.

      Job 15

      14 What is man, that he should be clean? What is he who is born of a woman, that he should be righteous?

      Job 25

      4 How then can man be just with God? Or how can he who is born of a woman be clean?

      Psaumes 51

      10 Create in me a clean heart, O God. Renew a right spirit within me.

      Psaumes 62

      12 Also to you, Lord, belongs loving kindness, for you reward every man according to his work.

      Psaumes 86

      5 For you, Lord, are good, and ready to forgive; abundant in loving kindness to all those who call on you.
      15 But you, Lord, are a merciful and gracious God, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness and truth.

      Psaumes 130

      7 Israel, hope in Yahweh, for with Yahweh there is loving kindness. With him is abundant redemption.

      Psaumes 143

      2 Don't enter into judgment with your servant, for in your sight no man living is righteous.

      Esaïe 57

      12 I will declare your righteousness; and as for your works, they shall not profit you.

      Michée 7

      18 Who is a God like you, who pardons iniquity, and passes over the disobedience of the remnant of his heritage? He doesn't retain his anger forever, because he delights in loving kindness.

      Luc 1

      50 His mercy is for generations of generations on those who fear him.
      54 He has given help to Israel, his servant, that he might remember mercy,
      72 to show mercy towards our fathers, to remember his holy covenant,
      78 because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the dawn from on high will visit us,

      Luc 10

      27 He answered, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself."
      28 He said to him, "You have answered correctly. Do this, and you will live."
      29 But he, desiring to justify himself, asked Jesus, "Who is my neighbor?"

      Jean 3

      3 Jesus answered him, "Most certainly, I tell you, unless one is born anew, he can't see the Kingdom of God."
      4 Nicodemus said to him, "How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born?"
      5 Jesus answered, "Most certainly I tell you, unless one is born of water and spirit, he can't enter into the Kingdom of God!

      Romains 3

      20 Because by the works of the law, no flesh will be justified in his sight. For through the law comes the knowledge of sin.
      28 We maintain therefore that a man is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.

      Romains 4

      5 But to him who doesn't work, but believes in him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness.

      Romains 9

      11 For being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him who calls,
      16 So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who has mercy.
      30 What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who didn't follow after righteousness, attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith;

      Romains 11

      6 And if by grace, then it is no longer of works; otherwise grace is no longer grace. But if it is of works, it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work.

      Romains 12

      2 Don't be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what is the good, well-pleasing, and perfect will of God.

      1 Corinthiens 6

      11 Such were some of you, but you were washed. But you were sanctified. But you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and in the Spirit of our God.

      Galates 2

      16 yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ, even we believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ, and not by the works of the law, because no flesh will be justified by the works of the law.

      Galates 3

      16 Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. He doesn't say, "To seeds," as of many, but as of one, "To your seed," which is Christ.
      17 Now I say this. A covenant confirmed beforehand by God in Christ, the law, which came four hundred thirty years after, does not annul, so as to make the promise of no effect.
      18 For if the inheritance is of the law, it is no more of promise; but God has granted it to Abraham by promise.
      19 What then is the law? It was added because of transgressions, until the seed should come to whom the promise has been made. It was ordained through angels by the hand of a mediator.
      20 Now a mediator is not between one, but God is one.
      21 Is the law then against the promises of God? Certainly not! For if there had been a law given which could make alive, most certainly righteousness would have been of the law.

      Ephésiens 1

      6 to the praise of the glory of his grace, by which he freely bestowed favor on us in the Beloved,
      7 in whom we have our redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace,

      Ephésiens 2

      4 But God, being rich in mercy, for his great love with which he loved us,
      8 for by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God,
      9 not of works, that no one would boast.

      Ephésiens 4

      23 and that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind,

      Ephésiens 5

      26 that he might sanctify it, having cleansed it by the washing of water with the word,

      Colossiens 3

      10 and have put on the new man, who is being renewed in knowledge after the image of his Creator,

      2 Timothée 1

      9 who saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given to us in Christ Jesus before times eternal,

      Tite 3

      4 But when the kindness of God our Savior and his love toward mankind appeared,
      5 not by works of righteousness, which we did ourselves, but according to his mercy, he saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit,

      Hébreux 4

      16 Let us therefore draw near with boldness to the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy, and may find grace for help in time of need.

      Hébreux 6

      6 and then fell away, it is impossible to renew them again to repentance; seeing they crucify the Son of God for themselves again, and put him to open shame.

      1 Pierre 1

      3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to his great mercy became our father again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,

      1 Pierre 2

      10 who in time past were no people, but now are God's people, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.

      1 Pierre 3

      21 This is a symbol of baptism, which now saves you--not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,

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