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Esaïe 23.1


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Segond 21 Message sur Tyr. Lamentez-vous, bateaux long-courriers, car elle est violemment détruite : plus de maisons, plus d'entrée ! C'est de Kittim que la nouvelle leur est parvenue. Segond 1910 Oracle sur Tyr. Lamentez-vous, navires de Tarsis ! Car elle est détruite : plus de maisons ! plus d'entrée ! C'est du pays de Kittim que la nouvelle leur en est venue. Segond 1978 (Colombe) © Menace (sur) Tyr. Lamentez-vous, navires de Tarsis ! Car elle est détruite : Plus de maisons ! plus d’entrée ! C’est du pays de Kittim que cela leur fut révélé. Parole de Vie © Message au sujet de Tyr. Bateaux de pleine mer, chantez un chant de deuil. Le port de Tyr est détruit, il n’y a plus de maisons. Vous apprenez cette nouvelle en arrivant de l’île de Chypre. Français Courant © Message intitulé “Tyr”. « Navires de haute mer, entonnez une complainte, car tout est détruit, il n’y a plus de maisons. » C’est à leur arrivée de l’île de Chypre, qu’ils ont appris cette nouvelle. Semeur © Menace sur Tyr : Hurlez, navires au long cours, car votre port d’attache a été dévasté, ses maisons sont détruites. C’est au retour de Chypre qu’ils en ont reçu la nouvelle. Darby L'oracle sur Tyr. Hurlez, navires de Tarsis, car elle est dévastée, de sorte qu'il n'y a pas de maisons, personne qui entre. Du pays de Kittim cela leur est révélé. Martin La charge de Tyr. Hurlez, navires de Tarsis, car elle est détruite, il n'y a plus de maisons, on n'y viendra plus ; ceci leur a été découvert du pays de Chittim. Ostervald Prophétie sur Tyr. Gémissez, navires de Tarsis, car elle est détruite ! Plus de maisons ! On n'y entre plus ! La nouvelle leur en vient du pays de Kittim. Hébreu / Grec - Texte original © מַשָּׂ֖א צֹ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־שֻׁדַּ֤ד מִבַּ֙יִת֙ מִבּ֔וֹא מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כִּתִּ֖ים נִגְלָה־לָֽמוֹ׃ World English Bible The burden of Tyre. Howl, you ships of Tarshish! For it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in. From the land of Kittim it is revealed to them.

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La bible annotée Commentaire de Matthew Henry

1 à 18 Tyr.

Le prophète annonce la ruine de Tyr (versets 1 à 14), puis son relèvement après soixante-dix ans d'humiliation (versets 15 à 18). On ne peut fixer qu'approximativement la date de cette prophétie. Du temps d'Esaïe, Tyr fut assiégée par Salmanasar, roi d'Assyrie. Repoussé avec de grandes pertes, il dut se borner à intercepter les sources d'eau potable qui alimentaient la ville. Ce blocus dura cinq ans et finit sans doute avec son règne. Ce n'est pas à ce siège, demeuré d'ailleurs sans résultat, qu'il faut appliquer notre prophétie, puisque, d'après le verset 13, les destructeurs de Tyr doivent être, non les Assyriens, mais les Chaldéens. Cependant cette tentative de Salmanasar peut fort bien en avoir fourni l'occasion. Juda, qui tournait à cette époque ses regards vers l'Egypte, devait être aussi tenté de s'appuyer sur la forteresse de la mer, qui venait de soutenir victorieusement l'attaque des Assyriens. Le prophète déclare que ces Assyriens qui n'ont pas vaincu Tyr, seront vaincus par les Chaldéens, et Tyr avec eux. Il ne faut donc pas s'appuyer sur cette ville qui, comme l'Egypte (chapitre 19), sera frappée par le jugement de Dieu.

1 à 5 La riche et populeuse cité n'est plus ; les Tyriens, toute la Phénicie, l'Egypte même sont dans la stupeur.

Tyr : la principale ville des Phéniciens, célèbre dans l'antiquité par son industrie (fabrication du verre et de la pourpre, métallurgie, etc.), par ses richesses et par ses nombreuses colonies en Asie-Mineure, en Chypre, au nord de l'Afrique et jusqu'en Espagne. Le commerce de l'antiquité était tout entier aux mains des Phéniciens, particulièrement des Tyriens et des Sidoniens. Ils étaient réputés également comme les plus habiles navigateurs. Tyr est mentionnée souvent dans l'Ancien Testament, surtout dès le temps de David et de Salomon. Son roi Hiram entretenait des rapports amicaux avec ces deux princes (1Rois 5.1 ; 9.11). Tyr dominait sur une partie de la côte phénicienne et du Liban, et au temps d'Esaïe était à la tête de toutes les autres villes de Phénicie.

Navires de Tarsis. On nommait ainsi les vaisseaux tyriens qui faisaient le commerce de l'Espagne (voir 2.16, note) ; ils en rapportaient principalement des métaux (Ezéchiel 27.12 ; Jérémie 10.9).

Hurlez ! Exclamation adressée aux navigateurs tyriens qui reçoivent en mer la nouvelle de la prise de Tyr et de la destruction de leurs foyers.

Kittim : l'île de Chypre, dont la ville principale, Cittium, était une colonie tyrienne.

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L'oracle sur Tyr. (Esaïe 23:1-14)
Son rétablissement. (Esaïe 23:15-18)

Tyr était une place commerciale, renommée parmi les nations. Elle se faisait remarquer par ses plaisirs et ses distractions « douteux » ; elle n'était pas du tout disposée à prendre en compte les avertissements que l'Éternel lui avait adressés, par l'intermédiaire de Ses prophètes. Ses négociants étaient de véritables princes, et vivaient comme tels. Cette ville étant détruite et dévastée, ces marchands allaient rapidement l'abandonner.

L'Éternel lui recommande de se lever et de fuir, pour rester en sûreté ; en fait, ceux qui se trouvaient mal à l'aise en cet endroit, devaient l'être pareillement ailleurs ; quand les Jugements divins poursuivent les pécheurs, ils les rattrapent toujours !

D'où provenaient tous ces ennuis ? Le Tout-Puissant avait résolu de détruire la ville : Il voulait convaincre ces hommes de leur orgueil et de l'issue fatale des mauvaises réputations de ce monde.

Que cette dévastation de la ville de Tyr puisse mettre en garde les « lieux fétiches » ainsi que leurs résidents, contre toute vanité ; car quiconque s'élève, sera abaissé, Luc 8:14*. Dieu, Celui qui dispose de toute la Puissance, exécutera cette sentence annoncée ; en fait, les Chaldéens allaient être les instruments divins.

* Référence ajoutée par le traducteur pour faciliter la compréhension du texte.

Matthew Henry © traduction Dominique Osché
Oracle 04853 sur Tyr 06865. Lamentez 03213 08685-vous, navires 0591 de Tarsis 08659 ! Car elle est détruite 07703 08795 : plus de maisons 01004 ! plus d’entrée 0935 08800 ! C’est du pays 0776 de Kittim 03794 que la nouvelle leur en est venue 01540 08738.
0591 - 'oniyah navires, vaisseaux hommes des navires, marins 0776 - 'erets terre, territoire, sol terre entière: opposée à une partie, opposée aux cieux, les habitants de … 0935 - bow' entrer, venir, aller atteindre conduire être introduit, être posé 01004 - bayith maison maison, demeure d'habitation abri pour les animaux corps humain (fig.) le tombeau la demeure … 01540 - galah découvrir, enlever quitter aller en exil, émigrer, être emmené en captivité, banni se découvrir soi-même … 03213 - yalal (Hifil) hurler, gémir, pousser des cris, des hurlements, des gémissements, se lamenter 03794 - Kittiy Kittim = « qui dominent » un terme général pour tous les insulaires de la … 04853 - massa' charge, maintien, tribut, fardeau, élévation charge, fardeau élévation, ce vers quoi l'âme s'élève sentence, leçon … 06865 - Tsor Tyr (Angl. Tyre ou Tyrus) = « un rocher » cité phénicienne sur la côte … 07703 - shadad traiter violemment, dépouiller, dévaster, ruiner, détruire, piller (Qal) détruire violemment, dévaster, dépouiller, assaillir dévastateur, dépouilleur … 08659 - Tarshiysh Tarsis (Angl. Tarshish ou Tharshish) = « jaspe jaune », « raffinerie » ? fils … 08685 Radical : Hifil 08818 Mode : Impératif 08810 Nombre : 731 08738 Radical : Nifal 08833 Mode : Parfait 08816 Nombre : 1429 08795 Radical : Pual 08849 Mode : Parfait 08816 Nombre : 199 08800 Radical : Qal 08851 Mode : Infinitif 08812 Nombre : 4888
© Éditions CLÉ, avec autorisation

BATEAUX ET NAVIRES I Historique. 1. En Israël. Bergers et cultivateurs, les Hébreux ne furent pas des marins … CHYPRE Grande île, située dans l'angle N. -E. de la Méditerranée, à 75 km. environ des … COMMERCE La Palestine n'a jamais été un centre de grande activité commerciale ; l'ancienne loi d'Israël … JOËL (livre de) Le second livre des douze « petits prophètes » est très court : 73 versets … TARSIS (Ville) (hébreu Tarchich ; grec Tartessos). Malgré de fréquentes mentions dans l'A.T., ne peut être localisé … TYR Aujourd'hui Soûr (=rocher), petite ville de Phénicie, entre le Carmel et Sidon. L'antique cité bâtie …

    • Genèse 10

      4 The sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.

      Nombres 24

      24 But ships shall come from the coast of Kittim. They shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber. He also shall come to destruction."

      Josué 19

      29 The border turned to Ramah, to the fortified city of Tyre; and the border turned to Hosah. It ended at the sea by the region of Achzib;

      1 Rois 5

      1 Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants to Solomon; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the place of his father: for Hiram was ever a lover of David.

      1 Rois 10

      22 For the king had at sea a navy of Tarshish with the navy of Hiram: once every three years came the navy of Tarshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.

      1 Rois 22

      48 Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold: but they didn't go; for the ships were broken at Ezion Geber.

      2 Chroniques 9

      21 For the king had ships that went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram; once every three years came the ships of Tarshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.

      Psaumes 48

      7 With the east wind, you break the ships of Tarshish.

      Esaïe 2

      16 For all the ships of Tarshish, and for all pleasant imagery.

      Esaïe 15

      1 The burden of Moab: for in a night, Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to nothing; for in a night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to nothing.
      2 They have gone up to Bayith, and to Dibon, to the high places, to weep. Moab wails over Nebo and over Medeba. Baldness is on all of their heads. Every beard is cut off.
      8 For the cry has gone around the borders of Moab; its wailing to Eglaim, and its wailing to Beer Elim.

      Esaïe 23

      1 The burden of Tyre. Howl, you ships of Tarshish! For it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in. From the land of Kittim it is revealed to them.
      12 He said, "You shall rejoice no more, you oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon. Arise, pass over to Kittim. Even there you will have no rest."

      Esaïe 24

      10 The confused city is broken down. Every house is shut up, that no man may come in.

      Esaïe 60

      9 Surely the islands shall wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to bring your sons from far, their silver and their gold with them, for the name of Yahweh your God, and for the Holy One of Israel, because he has glorified you.

      Jérémie 2

      10 For pass over to the islands of Kittim, and see; and send to Kedar, and consider diligently; and see if there has been such a thing.

      Jérémie 25

      10 Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the lamp.
      11 This whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years.
      15 For thus says Yahweh, the God of Israel, to me: take this cup of the wine of wrath at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send you, to drink it.
      22 and all the kings of Tyre, and all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the isle which is beyond the sea;

      Jérémie 47

      4 because of the day that comes to destroy all the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every helper who remains: for Yahweh will destroy the Philistines, the remnant of the isle of Caphtor.

      Ezéchiel 26

      1 It happened in the eleventh year, in the first [day] of the month, that the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      2 Son of man, because Tyre has said against Jerusalem, Aha, she is broken: the gate of the peoples; she is turned to me; I shall be replenished, now that she is laid waste:
      3 therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh, Behold, I am against you, Tyre, and will cause many nations to come up against you, as the sea causes its waves to come up.
      4 They shall destroy the walls of Tyre, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her a bare rock.
      5 She shall be a place for the spreading of nets in the midst of the sea; for I have spoken it, says the Lord Yahweh; and she shall become a spoil to the nations.
      6 Her daughters who are in the field shall be slain with the sword: and they shall know that I am Yahweh.
      7 For thus says the Lord Yahweh: Behold, I will bring on Tyre Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings, from the north, with horses, and with chariots, and with horsemen, and a company, and many people.
      8 He shall kill your daughters in the field with the sword; and he shall make forts against you, and cast up a mound against you, and raise up the buckler against you.
      9 He shall set his battering engines against your walls, and with his axes he shall break down your towers.
      10 By reason of the abundance of his horses their dust shall cover you: your walls shall shake at the noise of the horsemen, and of the wagons, and of the chariots, when he shall enter into your gates, as men enter into a city in which is made a breach.
      11 With the hoofs of his horses shall he tread down all your streets; he shall kill your people with the sword; and the pillars of your strength shall go down to the ground.
      12 They shall make a spoil of your riches, and make a prey of your merchandise; and they shall break down your walls, and destroy your pleasant houses; and they shall lay your stones and your timber and your dust in the midst of the waters.
      13 I will cause the noise of your songs to cease; and the sound of your harps shall be no more heard.
      14 I will make you a bare rock; you shall be a place for the spreading of nets; you shall be built no more: for I Yahweh have spoken it, says the Lord Yahweh.
      15 Thus says the Lord Yahweh to Tyre: shall not the islands shake at the sound of your fall, when the wounded groan, when the slaughter is made in the midst of you?
      16 Then all the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrones, and lay aside their robes, and strip off their embroidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with trembling; they shall sit on the ground, and shall tremble every moment, and be astonished at you.
      17 They shall take up a lamentation over you, and tell you, How you are destroyed, who were inhabited by seafaring men, the renowned city, who was strong in the sea, she and her inhabitants, who caused their terror to be on all who lived there!
      18 Now shall the islands tremble in the day of your fall; yes, the islands that are in the sea shall be dismayed at your departure.
      19 For thus says the Lord Yahweh: When I shall make you a desolate city, like the cities that are not inhabited; when I shall bring up the deep on you, and the great waters shall cover you;
      20 then will I bring you down with those who descend into the pit, to the people of old time, and will make you to dwell in the lower parts of the earth, in the places that are desolate of old, with those who go down to the pit, that you be not inhabited; and I will set glory in the land of the living:
      21 I will make you a terror, and you shall no more have any being; though you are sought for, yet you will never be found again, says the Lord Yahweh.

      Ezéchiel 27

      1 The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying,
      2 You, son of man, take up a lamentation over Tyre;
      3 and tell Tyre, you who dwell at the entry of the sea, who are the merchant of the peoples to many islands, thus says the Lord Yahweh: You, Tyre, have said, I am perfect in beauty.
      4 Your borders are in the heart of the seas; your builders have perfected your beauty.
      5 They have made all your planks of fir trees from Senir; they have taken a cedar from Lebanon to make a mast for you.
      6 Of the oaks of Bashan have they made your oars; they have made your benches of ivory inlaid in boxwood, from the islands of Kittim.
      7 Of fine linen with embroidered work from Egypt was your sail, that it might be to you for a banner; blue and purple from the islands of Elishah was your awning.
      8 The inhabitants of Sidon and Arvad were your rowers: your wise men, Tyre, were in you, they were your pilots.
      9 The old men of Gebal and the wise men of it were in you your repairers of ship seams: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in you to deal in your merchandise.
      10 Persia and Lud and Put were in your army, your men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in you; they set forth your comeliness.
      11 The men of Arvad with your army were on your walls all around, and valorous men were in your towers; they hanged their shields on your walls all around; they have perfected your beauty.
      12 Tarshish was your merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded for your wares.
      13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were your traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for your merchandise.
      14 They of the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses and war horses and mules.
      15 The men of Dedan were your traffickers; many islands were the market of your hand: they brought you in exchange horns of ivory and ebony.
      16 Syria was your merchant by reason of the multitude of your handiworks: they traded for your wares with emeralds, purple, and embroidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and rubies.
      17 Judah, and the land of Israel, they were your traffickers: they traded for your merchandise wheat of Minnith, and confections, and honey, and oil, and balm.
      18 Damascus was your merchant for the multitude of your handiworks, by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches, with the wine of Helbon, and white wool.
      19 Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for your wares: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were among your merchandise.
      20 Dedan was your trafficker in precious cloths for riding.
      21 Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they were the merchants of your hand; in lambs, and rams, and goats, in these were they your merchants.
      22 The traffickers of Sheba and Raamah, they were your traffickers; they traded for your wares with the chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.
      23 Haran and Canneh and Eden, the traffickers of Sheba, Asshur [and] Chilmad, were your traffickers.
      24 These were your traffickers in choice wares, in wrappings of blue and embroidered work, and in chests of rich clothing, bound with cords and made of cedar, among your merchandise.
      25 The ships of Tarshish were your caravans for your merchandise: and you were replenished, and made very glorious in the heart of the seas.
      26 Your rowers have brought you into great waters: the east wind has broken you in the heart of the seas.
      27 Your riches, and your wares, your merchandise, your mariners, and your pilots, your repairers of ship seams, and the dealers in your merchandise, and all your men of war, who are in you, with all your company which is in the midst of you, shall fall into the heart of the seas in the day of your ruin.
      28 At the sound of the cry of your pilots the suburbs shall shake.
      29 All who handled the oar, the mariners, [and] all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships; they shall stand on the land,
      30 and shall cause their voice to be heard over you, and shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust on their heads, they shall wallow themselves in the ashes:
      31 and they shall make themselves bald for you, and clothe them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for you in bitterness of soul with bitter mourning.
      32 In their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for you, and lament over you, [saying], Who is there like Tyre, like her who is brought to silence in the midst of the sea?
      33 When your wares went forth out of the seas, you filled many peoples; you enriched the kings of the earth with the multitude of your riches and of your merchandise.
      34 In the time that you were broken by the seas in the depths of the waters, your merchandise and all your company fell in your midst.
      35 All the inhabitants of the islands are astonished at you, and their kings are horribly afraid; they are troubled in their face.
      36 The merchants among the peoples hiss at you; you are become a terror, and you shall nevermore have any being.

      Ezéchiel 28

      1 The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying,
      2 Son of man, tell the prince of Tyre, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because your heart is lifted up, and you have said, I am a god, I sit in the seat of God, in the midst of the seas; yet you are man, and not God, though you set your heart as the heart of God--
      3 behold, you are wiser than Daniel; there is no secret that is hidden from you;
      4 by your wisdom and by your understanding you have gotten yourself riches, and have gotten gold and silver into your treasures;
      5 by your great wisdom [and] by your traffic you have increased your riches, and your heart is lifted up because of your riches--
      6 therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because you have set your heart as the heart of God,
      7 therefore, behold, I will bring strangers on you, the terrible of the nations; and they shall draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom, and they shall defile your brightness.
      8 They shall bring you down to the pit; and you shall die the death of those who are slain, in the heart of the seas.
      9 Will you yet say before him who kills you, I am God? but you are man, and not God, in the hand of him who wounds you.
      10 You shall die the death of the uncircumcised by the hand of strangers: for I have spoken it, says the Lord Yahweh.
      11 Moreover the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      12 Son of man, take up a lamentation over the king of Tyre, and tell him, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: You seal up the sum, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty.
      13 You were in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone adorned you: ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire , turquoise, and beryl. Gold work of tambourines and of pipes was in you. In the day that you were created they were prepared.
      14 You were the anointed cherub who covers: and I set you, [so that] you were on the holy mountain of God; you have walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire.
      15 You were perfect in your ways from the day that you were created, until unrighteousness was found in you.
      16 By the abundance of your traffic they filled the midst of you with violence, and you have sinned: therefore I have cast you as profane out of the mountain of God; and I have destroyed you, covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.
      17 Your heart was lifted up because of your beauty; you have corrupted your wisdom by reason of your brightness: I have cast you to the ground; I have laid you before kings, that they may see you.
      18 By the multitude of your iniquities, in the unrighteousness of your traffic, you have profaned your sanctuaries; therefore have I brought forth a fire from the midst of you; it has devoured you, and I have turned you to ashes on the earth in the sight of all those who see you.
      19 All those who know you among the peoples shall be astonished at you: you have become a terror, and you shall nevermore have any being.
      20 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      21 Son of man, set your face toward Sidon, and prophesy against it,

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