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I will lay the key of the house of David on his shoulder. He will open, and no one will shut. He will shut, and no one will open.
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I will give to you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven; and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven."
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Most certainly I tell you, whatever things you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever things you release on earth will have been released in heaven.
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If you forgive anyone's sins, they have been forgiven them. If you retain anyone's sins, they have been retained."
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But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and spoke out to them, "You men of Judea, and all you who dwell at Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to my words.
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For these aren't drunken, as you suppose, seeing it is only the third hour of the day .
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But this is what has been spoken through the prophet Joel:
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'It will be in the last days, says God, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh. Your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your young men will see visions. Your old men will dream dreams.
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Yes, and on my servants and on my handmaidens in those days, I will pour out my Spirit, and they will prophesy.
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I will show wonders in the sky above, and signs on the earth beneath; blood, and fire, and billows of smoke.
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The sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes.
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It will be, that whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved.'
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"Men of Israel, hear these words! Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved by God to you by mighty works and wonders and signs which God did by him in the midst of you, even as you yourselves know,
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him, being delivered up by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God, you have taken by the hand of lawless men, crucified and killed;
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whom God raised up, having freed him from the agony of death, because it was not possible that he should be held by it.
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For David says concerning him, 'I saw the Lord always before my face, For he is on my right hand, that I should not be moved.
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Therefore my heart was glad, and my tongue rejoiced. Moreover my flesh also will dwell in hope;
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because you will not leave my soul in Hades , neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay.
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You made known to me the ways of life. You will make me full of gladness with your presence.'
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"Brothers, I may tell you freely of the patriarch David, that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day.
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Therefore, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne,
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he foreseeing this spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that neither was his soul left in Hades , nor did his flesh see decay.
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This Jesus God raised up, to which we all are witnesses.
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Being therefore exalted by the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this, which you now see and hear.
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For David didn't ascend into the heavens, but he says himself, 'The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit by my right hand,
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until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet."'
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"Let all the house of Israel therefore know certainly that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified."
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Now when they heard this, they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, "Brothers, what shall we do?"
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Peter said to them, "Repent, and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
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For the promise is to you, and to your children, and to all who are far off, even as many as the Lord our God will call to himself."
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With many other words he testified, and exhorted them, saying, "Save yourselves from this crooked generation!"
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Then those who gladly received his word were baptized. There were added that day about three thousand souls.
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They continued steadfastly in the apostles' teaching and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and prayer.
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Peter opened his mouth and said, "Truly I perceive that God doesn't show favoritism;
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but in every nation he who fears him and works righteousness is acceptable to him.
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The word which he sent to the children of Israel, preaching good news of peace by Jesus Christ--he is Lord of all--
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you yourselves know what happened, which was proclaimed throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;
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even Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.
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We are witnesses of everything he did both in the country of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they also killed, hanging him on a tree.
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God raised him up the third day, and gave him to be revealed,
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not to all the people, but to witnesses who were chosen before by God, to us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.
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He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that this is he who is appointed by God as the Judge of the living and the dead.
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All the prophets testify about him, that through his name everyone who believes in him will receive remission of sins."
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When there had been much discussion, Peter rose up and said to them, "Brothers, you know that a good while ago God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the nations should hear the word of the Good News, and believe.
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In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, you being gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ,
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are to deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.
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Now I also forgive whomever you forgive anything. For if indeed I have forgiven anything, I have forgiven that one for your sakes in the presence of Christ,
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Therefore he who rejects this doesn't reject man, but God, who has also given his Holy Spirit to you.
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and the Living one. I was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore. Amen. I have the keys of Death and of Hades .
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"To the angel of the assembly in Philadelphia write: "He who is holy, he who is true, he who has the key of David, he who opens and no one can shut, and who shuts and no one opens, says these things:
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The fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star from the sky which had fallen to the earth. The key to the pit of the abyss was given to him.
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These have the power to shut up the sky, that it may not rain during the days of their prophecy. They have power over the waters, to turn them into blood, and to strike the earth with every plague, as often as they desire.
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I saw an angel coming down out of heaven, having the key of the abyss and a great chain in his hand.
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He seized the dragon, the old serpent, which is the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole inhabited earth, and bound him for a thousand years,
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and cast him into the abyss, and shut it, and sealed it over him, that he should deceive the nations no more, until the thousand years were finished. After this, he must be freed for a short time.
- Ce royaume, ainsi que l'Eglise qu'il s'agit de bâtir, (verset 18) est envisagé figurément comme un édifice qu'on ouvre ou ferme au moyen de clefs. Posséder ces clefs, c'est avoir l'autorité d'ouvrir ou de fermer, d'admettre ou d'exclure. (Voir sur cette image Esaïe 22.22,Luc 11.52 ; Apocalypse 1.18 ; 3.7 ; 9.1)
Après avoir comparé Pierre au rocher sur lequel l'édifice de l'Eglise sera bâti, Jésus I'assimile à un intendant qui administre la maison de son Maître. C'est par la prédication de l'Evangile qui produit la foi, qui est "odeur de vie ou odeur de mort" qui ouvre ou ferme par conséquent le royaume, que l'apôtre remplit son office. Ce pouvoir ne fut point donné à Pierre seul (voir la note suivante) et ne lui fut point conféré au moment où il entendit ces paroles, mais après qu'il eut reçu l'Esprit de Dieu. De là le futur : Je te donnerai.
Ces paroles, également figurées, complètent celles qui précèdent. Elles ont été très diversement interprétées, selon ce qu'on entend par les mots lier et délier. Les uns, pour mettre ces termes en harmonie avec l'image des clefs, leur font signifier fermer et ouvrir, c'est-à-dire exclure ou admettre.
Mais ce sens ne se justifie par aucun exemple dans la langue grecque ; et d'ailleurs l'objet de ces verbes, ce pronom neutre : ce que tu auras lié ou délié ne peut s'appliquer à une porte et moins encore à des personnes exclues ou admises.
D'autres, trouvant dans l'hébreu rabbinique l'usage des mots lier et délier pour défendre ou permettre, adoptent ce sens, et y voient l'autorité conférée à Pierre (et aux autres apôtres) pour le gouvernement de l'Eglise.
D'autres enfin, rapprochant les paroles de Jésus de celles qu'il adresse à ses disciples dans Jean 20.23, et rappelant que les péchés qu'il les autorise à remettre sont une dette, une obligation dont le pardon délie les âmes, entendent notre passage dans ce sens de remettre ou retenir les péchés.
Cette interprétation ne peut guère être contestée, puisqu'elle s'appuie sur une parole si claire de Jésus. Les deux derniers sens indiqués, loin de s'exclure, s'appellent l'un l'autre.
L'autorité des apôtres pour administrer l'Eglise suppose leur autorité pour exercer la discipline, et cette double autorité est inséparable du rôle qu'ils sont appelés à jouer dans l'établissement et le développement du royaume des cieux.
- Mais il faut se hâter d'ajouter que ce pouvoir redoutable, ici conféré à Pierre, l'est également à tous les apôtres, et même à toute l'Eglise, (Matthieu 18.18 ; Jean 20.23) dans laquelle réside, pour tous les temps, l'autorité d'exercer sur ses membres une discipline chrétienne. Et encore faut-il, pour éviter les abus dont ces paroles sont devenues le prétexte, que l'Eglise elle-même n'agisse en ceci qu'en pleine conformité avec la Parole de Dieu et sous l'influence de son Esprit. Hors de là, toutes ses décisions sur la terre, bien loin d'être ratifiées dans le ciel (par Dieu lui-même), se trouveraient n'être que des usurpations sacrilèges.