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1 Corinthiens 2.14

L'homme naturel.

C'est ainsi que Luther traduit une expression qui n'a pas d'équivalent exact dans notre langue. Litt. : "l'homme psychique" (du grec psyché, âme), "l'homme animal" (du latin anima, âme), comme traduisent nos versions ordinaires, l'homme qui n'a que la vie de l'âme.

Selon la psychologie de l'Ecriture, il faut distinguer dans l'homme "l'esprit, l'âme et le corps." Le corps est la matière organisée, l'instrument de l'âme et de l'esprit ; l'âme (psyché) est ce souffle de la vie naturelle ou terrestre que l'homme possède en commun avec tous les êtres vivants de la création, et l'esprit cette partie de son être qui le met en relation avec Dieu.

"En mettant en parallèle le corps, l'âme et l'esprit, comme les trois objets constants de la sanctification chrétienne, (1Thessaloniciens 5.23) Paul montre qu'à ses yeux ce sont là les trois éléments essentiels de la personne humaine complète. Seulement, avant la venue de l'Esprit divin, l'esprit dans l'homme est plutôt une aspiration, ou, comme dit de Wette, une réceptivité, qu'une puissance et une vie. C'est une virtualité que l'Esprit divin changera en une force réelle et en un nouveau principe de vie quand il viendra à s'en emparer." Godet.

A l'origine, c'est-à-dire avant la chute, l'esprit de l'homme, en communion avec l'Esprit de Dieu, devait, d'une part, connaître toujours plus parfaitement, et, d'autre part, élever les affections de son âme à la vie et à l'amour qui viennent de Dieu ; (1Corinthiens 15.45) ces affections, toujours pures et spirituelles, auraient, à leur tour, maintenu le corps dans sa vraie condition, et dominé sur la chair, comme sur la nature.

Mais par la chute et le péché, cet ordre a été renversé : l'esprit de l'homme, privé de l'Esprit de Dieu, a été obscurci par les passions de l'âme désormais sans guide, et l'âme elle-même est tombée sous la domination de la chair.

De là vient que pour désigner l'état moral actuel de l'homme, l'Ecriture se sert tantôt du mot charnel (c'est le terme le plus fort, désignant la domination de la chair, 1Corinthiens 3.1-3), tantôt du mot psychique. C'est de ce dernier que se sert ici l'apôtre par opposition à spirituel, (1Corinthiens 15.44) qui désigne l'état de l'homme régénéré par l'Esprit de Dieu. Il faut entendre par ce terme l'homme déchu, tel qu'il naît et grandit sous l'empire de ses affections naturelles, abandonné à ses propres forces, privé de la lumière et des influences sanctifiantes de l'Esprit de Dieu.

Or, l'apôtre déclare que l'homme dans cet état, quelque instruit qu'on le suppose à l'école de la sagesse humaine, ne reçoit point les choses qui sont de l'Esprit de Dieu (le mot grec signifie à la fois comprendre et accepter), qu'il ne peut les connaître (par expérience, seule connaissance vraie), qu'elles lui sont folie, (1Corinthiens 1.23) tout cela par la raison bien simple qu'on ne discerne et ne juge les choses spirituelles qu'à la lumière de l'Esprit de Dieu. Ce n'est pas assez que le soleil resplendisse, il faut des yeux pour le voir.


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      Proverbes 14

      6 A scoffer seeks wisdom, and doesn't find it, but knowledge comes easily to a discerning person.

      Matthieu 13

      11 He answered them, "To you it is given to know the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven, but it is not given to them.
      12 For whoever has, to him will be given, and he will have abundance, but whoever doesn't have, from him will be taken away even that which he has.
      13 Therefore I speak to them in parables, because seeing they don't see, and hearing, they don't hear, neither do they understand.
      14 In them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says, 'By hearing you will hear, and will in no way understand; Seeing you will see, and will in no way perceive:
      15 for this people's heart has grown callous, their ears are dull of hearing, they have closed their eyes; or else perhaps they might perceive with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their heart, and should turn again; and I would heal them.'
      16 "But blessed are your eyes, for they see; and your ears, for they hear.
      17 For most certainly I tell you that many prophets and righteous men desired to see the things which you see, and didn't see them; and to hear the things which you hear, and didn't hear them.

      Matthieu 16

      23 But he turned, and said to Peter, "Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me, for you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of men."

      Jean 3

      3 Jesus answered him, "Most certainly, I tell you, unless one is born anew, he can't see the Kingdom of God."
      4 Nicodemus said to him, "How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born?"
      5 Jesus answered, "Most certainly I tell you, unless one is born of water and spirit, he can't enter into the Kingdom of God!
      6 That which is born of the flesh is flesh. That which is born of the Spirit is spirit.

      Jean 5

      44 How can you believe, who receive glory from one another, and you don't seek the glory that comes from the only God?

      Jean 6

      44 No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him, and I will raise him up in the last day.
      45 It is written in the prophets, 'They will all be taught by God.' Therefore everyone who hears from the Father, and has learned, comes to me.

      Jean 8

      43 Why don't you understand my speech? Because you can't hear my word.
      51 Most certainly, I tell you, if a person keeps my word, he will never see death."
      52 Then the Jews said to him, "Now we know that you have a demon. Abraham died, and the prophets; and you say, 'If a man keeps my word, he will never taste of death.'

      Jean 10

      20 Many of them said, "He has a demon, and is insane! Why do you listen to him?"
      26 But you don't believe, because you are not of my sheep, as I told you.
      27 My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.

      Jean 12

      37 But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they didn't believe in him,

      Jean 14

      26 But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things, and will remind you of all that I said to you.

      Jean 15

      26 "When the Counselor has come, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will testify about me.

      Jean 16

      8 When he has come, he will convict the world about sin, about righteousness, and about judgment;
      9 about sin, because they don't believe in me;
      10 about righteousness, because I am going to my Father, and you won't see me any more;
      11 about judgment, because the prince of this world has been judged.
      12 "I have yet many things to tell you, but you can't bear them now.
      13 However when he, the Spirit of truth, has come, he will guide you into all truth, for he will not speak from himself; but whatever he hears, he will speak. He will declare to you things that are coming.
      14 He will glorify me, for he will take from what is mine, and will declare it to you.
      15 All things whatever the Father has are mine; therefore I said that he takes of mine, and will declare it to you.

      Actes 16

      14 A certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, one who worshiped God, heard us; whose heart the Lord opened to listen to the things which were spoken by Paul.

      Actes 17

      18 Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers also were conversing with him. Some said, "What does this babbler want to say?" Others said, "He seems to be advocating foreign deities," because he preached Jesus and the resurrection.
      32 Now when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked; but others said, "We want to hear you again concerning this."

      Actes 18

      15 but if they are questions about words and names and your own law, look to it yourselves. For I don't want to be a judge of these matters."

      Actes 25

      19 but had certain questions against him about their own religion, and about one Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.

      Actes 26

      24 As he thus made his defense, Festus said with a loud voice, "Paul, you are crazy! Your great learning is driving you insane!"
      25 But he said, "I am not crazy, most excellent Festus, but boldly declare words of truth and reasonableness.

      Romains 8

      5 For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit.
      6 For the mind of the flesh is death, but the mind of the Spirit is life and peace;
      7 because the mind of the flesh is hostile towards God; for it is not subject to God's law, neither indeed can it be.
      8 Those who are in the flesh can't please God.

      1 Corinthiens 1

      18 For the word of the cross is foolishness to those who are dying, but to us who are saved it is the power of God.
      23 but we preach Christ crucified; a stumbling block to Jews, and foolishness to Greeks,

      1 Corinthiens 2

      12 But we received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit which is from God, that we might know the things that were freely given to us by God.
      14 Now the natural man doesn't receive the things of God's Spirit, for they are foolishness to him, and he can't know them, because they are spiritually discerned.

      1 Corinthiens 15

      44 It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body and there is also a spiritual body.
      46 However that which is spiritual isn't first, but that which is natural, then that which is spiritual.

      2 Corinthiens 4

      4 in whom the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that the light of the Good News of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not dawn on them.
      5 For we don't preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus' sake;
      6 seeing it is God who said, "Light will shine out of darkness," who has shone in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.

      Jacques 3

      15 This wisdom is not that which comes down from above, but is earthly, sensual, and demonic.

      1 Jean 2

      20 You have an anointing from the Holy One, and you all have knowledge.
      27 As for you, the anointing which you received from him remains in you, and you don't need for anyone to teach you. But as his anointing teaches you concerning all things, and is true, and is no lie, and even as it taught you, you will remain in him.

      1 Jean 5

      20 We know that the Son of God has come, and has given us an understanding, that we know him who is true, and we are in him who is true, in his Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God, and eternal life.

      Jude 1

      19 These are they who cause divisions, and are sensual, not having the Spirit.
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