2 Samuel 21.1

1 à 14 Punition du meurtre des Gabaonites tués par Saül.

Nous ignorons totalement les détails du massacre dont Saül s'était rendu coupable, contrairement au serment contracté par Josué et le peuple avec les Gabaonites (Josué 9.15). L'auteur dit au verset 2 que Saül les avait frappés par un effet de son zèle pour les fils d'Israël et de Juda. Voulait-il, malgré le serment de Josué et du peuple, débarrasser le sanctuaire et le pays de cette population étrangère pour remettre à Israël seul le service du culte ? Les mots : zèle pour les fils d'Israël et de Juda semblent le dire. Quoi qu'il en soit, le reste des Gabaonites avait là un juste sujet de réclamation, qu'ils n'auraient pas osé faire valoir sous Saül, mais qu'ils présentent à David, probablement dans les premiers temps de son règne, à l'occasion d'une famine où l'on vit la marque du déplaisir divin sur Israël. Comparez 1Samuel 14.1-46, qui montre combien le sentiment de l'inviolabilité du serment était profond.

Du temps de David : expression vague qui montre que l'auteur insère ici un fait détaché dont il ne connaît pas la date.

Trois ans de suite. Cette longue privation des pluies du ciel est interprétée comme un signe de la cessation de la faveur divine, et cette cessation doit être motivée par quelque grand péché national inexpié.

David chercha la face....probablement par la prière suivie de la consultation de l'Eternel par l'Urim et le Thummim.

Qui reste sur sa maison. Il est dit sans doute dans Deutéronome 24.16 : Le fils ne portera pas l'iniquité du père. Mais il s'agit ici de tout autre chose que du châtiment que s'est attiré un individu coupable. Un serment solennel contracté au nom de l'Eternel a été violé. Une réparation est donc due à celui au détriment duquel le nom de l'Eternel a été profané. Il faut un sacrifice de réparation, un ascham, pour effacer ce crime national. Ceci ne rentre en aucune façon dans la compétence des tribunaux ordinaires pour lesquels est faite la règle du Deutéronome. Quant à l'idée de la solidarité de la famille, elle était profondément gravée dans la conscience antique et particulièrement dans la conscience juive. Elle a son expression dans ces termes du second commandement : Jusqu'à la troisième et quatrième génération. Voir à ce passage, Exode 20.5, note.


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    • Genèse 12

      10 There was a famine in the land. Abram went down into Egypt to live as a foreigner there, for the famine was severe in the land.

      Genèse 26

      1 There was a famine in the land, besides the first famine that was in the days of Abraham. Isaac went to Abimelech king of the Philistines, to Gerar.

      Genèse 41

      57 All countries came into Egypt, to Joseph, to buy grain, because the famine was severe in all the earth.

      Genèse 42

      1 Now Jacob saw that there was grain in Egypt, and Jacob said to his sons, "Why do you look at one another?"

      Genèse 43

      1 The famine was severe in the land.

      Lévitique 26

      19 I will break the pride of your power, and I will make your sky like iron, and your soil like brass;
      20 and your strength will be spent in vain; for your land won't yield its increase, neither will the trees of the land yield their fruit.
      26 When I break your staff of bread, ten women shall bake your bread in one oven, and they shall deliver your bread again by weight: and you shall eat, and not be satisfied.

      Nombres 27

      21 He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall inquire for him by the judgment of the Urim before Yahweh: at his word shall they go out, and at his word they shall come in, both he, and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation."

      Josué 7

      1 But the children of Israel committed a trespass in the devoted things; for Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took some of the devoted things. Therefore Yahweh's anger burned against the children of Israel.
      11 Israel has sinned. Yes, they have even transgressed my covenant which I commanded them. Yes, they have even taken of the devoted things, and have also stolen, and also deceived. They have even put it among their own stuff.
      12 Therefore the children of Israel can't stand before their enemies. They turn their backs before their enemies, because they have become devoted for destruction. I will not be with you any more, unless you destroy the devoted things from among you.

      1 Samuel 22

      17 The king said to the guard who stood about him, "Turn, and kill the priests of Yahweh; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew that he fled, and didn't disclose it to me." But the servants of the king wouldn't put forth their hand to fall on the priests of Yahweh.
      18 The king said to Doeg, "Turn and attack the priests!" Doeg the Edomite turned, and he attacked the priests, and he killed on that day eighty-five people who wore a linen ephod.
      19 He struck Nob, the city of the priests, with the edge of the sword, both men and women, children and nursing babies, and cattle and donkeys and sheep, with the edge of the sword.

      1 Samuel 23

      2 Therefore David inquired of Yahweh, saying, "Shall I go and strike these Philistines?" Yahweh said to David, "Go strike the Philistines, and save Keilah."
      4 Then David inquired of Yahweh yet again. Yahweh answered him, and said, "Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into your hand."
      11 Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? Will Saul come down, as your servant has heard? Yahweh, the God of Israel, I beg you, tell your servant." Yahweh said, "He will come down."

      2 Samuel 5

      19 David inquired of Yahweh, saying, "Shall I go up against the Philistines? Will you deliver them into my hand?" Yahweh said to David, "Go up; for I will certainly deliver the Philistines into your hand."
      23 When David inquired of Yahweh, he said, "You shall not go up. Circle around behind them, and attack them over against the mulberry trees.

      2 Samuel 21

      1 There was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David sought the face of Yahweh. Yahweh said, "It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put to death the Gibeonites."

      1 Rois 17

      1 Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the foreigners of Gilead, said to Ahab, "As Yahweh, the God of Israel, lives, before whom I stand, there shall not be dew nor rain these years, but according to my word."

      1 Rois 18

      2 Elijah went to show himself to Ahab. The famine was severe in Samaria.

      2 Rois 6

      25 There was a great famine in Samaria. Behold, they besieged it, until a donkey's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver, and the fourth part of a kab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver.

      2 Rois 8

      1 Now Elisha had spoken to the woman, whose son he had restored to life, saying, "Arise, and go, you and your household, and stay for a while wherever you can; for Yahweh has called for a famine. It shall also come on the land seven years."

      Job 5

      8 "But as for me, I would seek God. I would commit my cause to God,
      9 who does great things that can't be fathomed, marvelous things without number;
      10 who gives rain on the earth, and sends waters on the fields;

      Job 10

      2 I will tell God, 'Do not condemn me. Show me why you contend with me.

      Psaumes 50

      15 Call on me in the day of trouble. I will deliver you, and you will honor me."

      Psaumes 91

      15 He will call on me, and I will answer him. I will be with him in trouble. I will deliver him, and honor him.

      Jérémie 14

      1 The word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah concerning the drought.
      2 Judah mourns, and its gates languish, they sit in black on the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up.
      3 Their nobles send their little ones to the waters: they come to the cisterns, and find no water; they return with their vessels empty; they are disappointed and confounded, and cover their heads.
      4 Because of the ground which is cracked, because no rain has been in the land, the plowmen are disappointed, they cover their heads.
      5 Yes, the hind also in the field calves, and forsakes her young, because there is no grass.
      6 The wild donkeys stand on the bare heights, they pant for air like jackals; their eyes fail, because there is no herbage.
      7 Though our iniquities testify against us, work for your name's sake, Yahweh; for our backslidings are many; we have sinned against you.
      8 You hope of Israel, its Savior in the time of trouble, why should you be as a foreigner in the land, and as a wayfaring man who turns aside to stay for a night?
      9 Why should you be like a scared man, as a mighty man who can't save? Yet you, Yahweh, are in the midst of us, and we are called by your name; don't leave us.
      10 Thus says Yahweh to this people, Even so have they loved to wander; they have not refrained their feet: therefore Yahweh does not accept them; now he will remember their iniquity, and visit their sins.
      11 Yahweh said to me, Don't pray for this people for their good.
      12 When they fast, I will not hear their cry; and when they offer burnt offering and meal offering, I will not accept them; but I will consume them by the sword, and by the famine, and by the pestilence.
      13 Then I said, Ah, Lord Yahweh! behold, the prophets tell them, You shall not see the sword, neither shall you have famine; but I will give you assured peace in this place.
      14 Then Yahweh said to me, The prophets prophesy lies in my name; I didn't send them, neither have I commanded them, neither spoke I to them: they prophesy to you a lying vision, and divination, and a thing of nothing, and the deceit of their own heart.
      15 Therefore thus says Yahweh concerning the prophets who prophesy in my name, and I didn't send them, yet they say, Sword and famine shall not be in this land: By sword and famine shall those prophets be consumed.
      16 The people to whom they prophesy shall be cast out in the streets of Jerusalem because of the famine and the sword; and they shall have none to bury them--them, their wives, nor their sons, nor their daughters: for I will pour their wickedness on them.
      17 You shall say this word to them, Let my eyes run down with tears night and day, and let them not cease; for the virgin daughter of my people is broken with a great breach, with a very grievous wound.
      18 If I go forth into the field, then, behold, the slain with the sword! and if I enter into the city, then, behold, those who are sick with famine! for both the prophet and the priest go about in the land, and have no knowledge.

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