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Esaïe 13.1

מַשָּׂ֖א בָּבֶ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אָמֽוֹץ׃
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La bible annotée Commentaire de Matthew Henry

13.1-14.23 Babylone

La position que Babylone occupe parmi les peuples païens explique la place de cette prophétie, qui répond, comme ouverture, au morceau final chapitres 24 à 27. Deux parties :

  1. la destruction de Babylone par les Mèdes, instruments du jugement divin, 13.2-22
  2. le chant de triomphe qu'Israël affranchi entonne sur la chute de son oppresseur, 14.1-23

13.2-22 Prophétie de la ruine de Babylone

Sentence. Le mot hébreu massa se prend en général dans un sens défavorable : sentence de condamnation.

Babylone, en hébreu Babel. Cette ville, située sur les deux rives de l'Enphrate, dans la plaine de Sinéar ou Mésopotamie, fut, dès les temps les plus reculés, le principal siège de la civilisation chaldéenne. Au temps d'Esaïe, elle faisait partie de l'empire assyrien, dont elle s'efforçait de secouer le joug (voir introduction ; 39.1, note). Sa situation centrale, entre le sud-ouest et le nord de l'Asie, lui donnait une grande importance commerciale. Voir, sur les origines de cette ville et sur le sens du nom de Babel, Genèse 11.9, note ; et sur sa splendeur, dans les temps qui précédèrent sa ruine, Daniel 4.30, note.

Révélée à Esaïe. Beaucoup de critiques ne croient pas pouvoir attribuer à Esaïe la composition du morceau 13.1-14.23. Les raisons pour lesquelles on la lui refuse étant en général les mêmes que celles qu'on allègue contre l'authenticité des chapitres 40 à 46, nous les examinerons dans l'introduction à cette dernière partie du livre.

Nous nous bornerons à remarquer ici :
1) que les indices tirés de la langue et de la forme littéraire de notre morceau ne peuvent rien décider ni pour ni contre l'authenticité ;
2) qu'il est constaté par les inscriptions assyriennes que Babylone eut déjà au temps d'Esaïe une importance politique considérable, et qu'il serait par conséquent très naturel qu'elle eût aussi sa place parmi les peuples païens au sujet desquels il a prophétisé. Voyez au reste 39.6.

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Les armées manifestant la colère divine. (Esaïe 13:1-5)
La conquête de Babylone. (Esaïe 13:6-18)
Sa désolation finale. (Esaïe 13:19-22)

Les menaces de la Parole de Dieu pèsent terriblement sur le méchant, elles sont un douloureux fardeau, trop lourd pour qu'ils puissent le supporter.

Ces personnes ici rassemblées pour conduire Babylone à sa perte, sont des « sanctifiés », désignés par Dieu ; ils le sont pour accomplir cette tâche, et sont tout à fait opérationnels. Ils font partie de l'armée de Dieu et disposent de ce fait de Sa Force, et sont prêts à l'employer. Ils viennent d'un pays lointain. Dieu les a employés afin qu'ils soient un fléau et une ruine envers Ses ennemis, même les plus éloignés, alors qu'on pourrait croire qu'ils sont en fait, peu redoutables.

Matthew Henry © traduction Dominique Osché
Oracle 04853 sur Babylone 0894, révélé 02372 08804 à Esaïe 03470, fils 01121 d’Amots 0531.
0531 - 'Amowts Amots (Angl. Amoz) = « fort, puissant, courageux » père du Prophète Ésaïe 0894 - Babel Babel ou Babylone = « confusion (par mélange) » = « porte de Dieu » … 01121 - ben fils, petit-fils, enfant, membre d'un groupe fils, enfant mâle petit-fils enfant (garçon ou fille) jeunesse, … 02372 - chazah voir, apercevoir, regarder, prophétiser, stipuler voir comme un voyant dans un état extatique, avoir des … 03470 - Yĕsha`yah Ésaïe (Angl. Isaiah ou Jesaiah ou Jeshaiah = « l'Éternel a sauvé » grand prophète, … 04853 - massa' charge, maintien, tribut, fardeau, élévation charge, fardeau élévation, ce vers quoi l'âme s'élève sentence, leçon … 08804 Radical : Qal 08851 Mode : Parfait 08816 Nombre : 12562
© Éditions CLÉ, avec autorisation

BABYLONE La fondation de Babylone ne semble pas être antérieure au III e millénaire : vers … CYRUS (grec Kyros, hébreu Korech, perse Kurach) Quatrième roi de la dynastie aryenne des Achéménides, et … ESAÏE (Prophète) I L'homme. Ésaïe a prophétisé pendant la 2 e moitié du VIII e siècle. Il … JÉRÉMIE (le prophète) Définition biblique de Jérémie (le prophète) : Jérémie fut appelé au ministère prophétique en la … JOËL (livre de) Le second livre des douze « petits prophètes » est très court : 73 versets … ORION L'une des constellations les plus apparentes de notre ciel ; doit son nom à la …

    • Esaïe 1

      1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

      Esaïe 13

      1 The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw:
      19 Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldeans' pride, will be like when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.

      Esaïe 14

      4 that you will take up this parable against the king of Babylon, and say, "How the oppressor has ceased! The golden city has ceased!"
      5 Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers,
      6 who struck the peoples in wrath with a continual stroke, who ruled the nations in anger, with a persecution that none restrained.
      7 The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet. They break out song.
      8 Yes, the fir trees rejoice with you, with the cedars of Lebanon, saying, "Since you are humbled, no lumberjack has come up against us."
      9 Sheol from beneath has moved for you to meet you at your coming. It stirs up the dead for you, even all the rulers of the earth. It has raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations.
      10 They all will answer and ask you, "Have you also become as weak as we are? Have you become like us?"
      11 Your pomp is brought down to Sheol , with the sound of your stringed instruments. Maggots are spread out under you, and worms cover you.
      12 How you have fallen from heaven, morning star, son of the dawn! How you are cut down to the ground, who laid the nations low!
      13 You said in your heart, "I will ascend into heaven! I will exalt my throne above the stars of God! I will sit on the mountain of assembly, in the far north!
      14 I will ascend above the heights of the clouds! I will make myself like the Most High!"
      15 Yet you shall be brought down to Sheol , to the depths of the pit.
      16 Those who see you will stare at you. They will ponder you, saying, "Is this the man who made the earth to tremble, who shook kingdoms;
      17 who made the world like a wilderness, and overthrew its cities; who didn't release his prisoners to their home?"
      18 All the kings of the nations, sleep in glory, everyone in his own house.
      19 But you are cast away from your tomb like an abominable branch, clothed with the slain, who are thrust through with the sword, who go down to the stones of the pit; like a dead body trodden under foot.
      20 You will not join them in burial, because you have destroyed your land. You have killed your people. The seed of evildoers will not be named forever.
      21 Prepare for slaughter of his children because of the iniquity of their fathers, that they not rise up and possess the earth, and fill the surface of the world with cities.
      22 "I will rise up against them," says Yahweh of Armies, "and cut off from Babylon name and remnant, and son and son's son," says Yahweh.
      23 "I will also make it a possession for the porcupine, and pools of water. I will sweep it with the broom of destruction," says Yahweh of Armies.
      28 This burden was in the year that king Ahaz died.

      Esaïe 15

      1 The burden of Moab: for in a night, Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to nothing; for in a night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to nothing.

      Esaïe 17

      1 The burden of Damascus: "Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a city, and it will be a ruinous heap.

      Esaïe 19

      1 The burden of Egypt: "Behold, Yahweh rides on a swift cloud, and comes to Egypt. The idols of Egypt will tremble at his presence; and the heart of Egypt will melt in its midst.

      Esaïe 21

      1 The burden of the wilderness of the sea. As whirlwinds in the South sweep through, it comes from the wilderness, from an awesome land.
      2 A grievous vision is declared to me. The treacherous man deals treacherously, and the destroyer destroys. Go up, Elam; attack! I have stopped all of Media's sighing.
      3 Therefore my thighs are filled with anguish. Pains have taken hold on me, like the pains of a woman in labor. I am in so much pain that I can't hear. I so am dismayed that I can't see.
      4 My heart flutters. Horror has frightened me. The twilight that I desired has been turned into trembling for me.
      5 They prepare the table. They set the watch. They eat. They drink. Rise up, you princes, oil the shield!
      6 For the Lord said to me, "Go, set a watchman. Let him declare what he sees.
      7 When he sees a troop, horsemen in pairs, a troop of donkeys, a troop of camels, he shall listen diligently with great attentiveness."
      8 He cried like a lion: "Lord, I stand continually on the watchtower in the daytime, and every night I stay at my post.
      9 Behold, here comes a troop of men, horsemen in pairs." He answered, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the engraved images of her gods are broken to the ground.
      10 You are my threshing, and the grain of my floor!" That which I have heard from Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, I have declared to you.
      11 The burden of Dumah. One calls to me out of Seir, "Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?"
      13 The burden on Arabia. In the forest in Arabia you will lodge, you caravans of Dedanites.

      Esaïe 22

      1 The burden of the valley of vision. What ails you now, that you have all gone up to the housetops?
      25 "In that day," says Yahweh of Armies, "the nail that was fastened in a sure place will give way. It will be cut down, and fall. The burden that was on it will be cut off, for Yahweh has spoken it."

      Esaïe 23

      1 The burden of Tyre. Howl, you ships of Tarshish! For it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in. From the land of Kittim it is revealed to them.

      Esaïe 43

      14 Thus says Yahweh, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: "For your sake, I have sent to Babylon, and I will bring all of them down as fugitives, even the Chaldeans, in the ships of their rejoicing.

      Esaïe 44

      1 Yet listen now, Jacob my servant, and Israel, whom I have chosen.
      2 This is what Yahweh who made you, and formed you from the womb, who will help you says: "Don't be afraid, Jacob my servant; and you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen.

      Esaïe 47

      1 "Come down, and sit in the dust, virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground without a throne, daughter of the Chaldeans: for you shall no more be called tender and delicate.
      2 Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove your veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.
      3 Your nakedness shall be uncovered, yes, your shame shall be seen: I will take vengeance, and will spare no man."
      4 Our Redeemer, Yahweh of Armies is his name, the Holy One of Israel.
      5 "Sit in silence, and go into darkness, daughter of the Chaldeans; for you shall no more be called the mistress of kingdoms.
      6 I was angry with my people, I profaned my inheritance, and gave them into your hand: you showed them no mercy; on the aged you have very heavily laid your yoke.
      7 You said, 'I shall be a mistress forever;' so that you did not lay these things to your heart, nor did you remember the latter end of it.
      8 "Now therefore hear this, you who are given to pleasures, who sit securely, who say in your heart, 'I am, and there is none else besides me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall I know the loss of children:'
      9 but these two things shall come to you in a moment in one day, the loss of children, and widowhood; in their full measure shall they come on you, in the multitude of your sorceries, and the great abundance of your enchantments.
      10 For you have trusted in your wickedness; you have said, No one sees me; your wisdom and your knowledge, it has perverted you, and you have said in your heart, I am, and there is none else besides me.
      11 Therefore evil will come on you; you won't know when it dawns: and mischief will fall on you; you will not be able to put it away: and desolation shall come on you suddenly, which you don't know.
      12 "Stand now with your enchantments, and with the multitude of your sorceries, in which you have labored from your youth; if so be you shall be able to profit, if so be you may prevail.
      13 You are wearied in the multitude of your counsels: let now the astrologers, the stargazers, the monthly prognosticators, stand up, and save you from the things that shall come on you.
      14 Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: it shall not be a coal to warm at, nor a fire to sit before.
      15 Thus shall the things be to you in which you have labored: those who have trafficked with you from your youth shall wander everyone to his quarter; there shall be none to save you.

      Jérémie 23

      33 When this people, or the prophet, or a priest, shall ask you, saying, What is the burden of Yahweh? Then you shall tell them, What burden! I will cast you off, says Yahweh.
      34 As for the prophet, and the priest, and the people, who shall say, The burden of Yahweh, I will even punish that man and his house.
      35 You shall say everyone to his neighbor, and everyone to his brother, What has Yahweh answered? and, What has Yahweh spoken?
      36 You shall mention the burden of Yahweh no more: for every man's own word shall be his burden; for you have perverted the words of the living God, of Yahweh of Armies our God.
      37 You shall say to the prophet, What has Yahweh answered you? and, What has Yahweh spoken?
      38 But if you say, The burden of Yahweh; therefore thus says Yahweh: Because you say this word, The burden of Yahweh, and I have sent to you, saying, You shall not say, The burden of Yahweh;

      Jérémie 25

      12 It shall happen, when seventy years are accomplished, that I will punish the king of Babylon, and that nation, says Yahweh, for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans; and I will make it desolate forever.
      13 I will bring on that land all my words which I have pronounced against it, even all that is written in this book, which Jeremiah has prophesied against all the nations.
      14 For many nations and great kings shall make bondservants of them, even of them; and I will recompense them according to their deeds, and according to the work of their hands.
      15 For thus says Yahweh, the God of Israel, to me: take this cup of the wine of wrath at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send you, to drink it.
      16 They shall drink, and reel back and forth, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them.
      17 Then took I the cup at Yahweh's hand, and made all the nations to drink, to whom Yahweh had sent me:
      18 Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and its kings, and its princes, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, a hissing, and a curse, as it is this day;
      19 Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and his princes, and all his people;
      20 and all the mixed people, and all the kings of the land of the Uz, and all the kings of the Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Gaza, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod;
      21 Edom, and Moab, and the children of Ammon;
      22 and all the kings of Tyre, and all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the isle which is beyond the sea;
      23 Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all who have the corners of their beard cut off;
      24 and all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mixed people who dwell in the wilderness;
      25 and all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes;
      26 and all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world, which are on the surface of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

      Jérémie 50

      1 The word that Yahweh spoke concerning Babylon, concerning the land of the Chaldeans, by Jeremiah the prophet.
      2 Declare among the nations and publish, and set up a standard; publish, and don't conceal: say, Babylon is taken, Bel is disappointed, Merodach is dismayed; her images are disappointed, her idols are dismayed.
      3 For out of the north there comes up a nation against her, which shall make her land desolate, and none shall dwell therein: they are fled, they are gone, both man and animal.
      4 In those days, and in that time, says Yahweh, the children of Israel shall come, they and the children of Judah together; they shall go on their way weeping, and shall seek Yahweh their God.
      5 They shall inquire concerning Zion with their faces turned toward it, saying, Come, and join yourselves to Yahweh in an everlasting covenant that shall not be forgotten.
      6 My people have been lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them to go astray; they have turned them away on the mountains; they have gone from mountain to hill; they have forgotten their resting place.
      7 All who found them have devoured them; and their adversaries said, We are not guilty, because they have sinned against Yahweh, the habitation of righteousness, even Yahweh, the hope of their fathers.
      8 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the male goats before the flocks.
      9 For, behold, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from there she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain.
      10 Chaldea shall be a prey: all who prey on her shall be satisfied, says Yahweh.
      11 Because you are glad, because you rejoice, O you who plunder my heritage, because you are wanton as a heifer that treads out the grain, and neigh as strong horses;
      12 your mother shall be utterly disappointed; she who bore you shall be confounded: behold, she shall be the least of the nations, a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert.
      13 Because of the wrath of Yahweh she shall not be inhabited, but she shall be wholly desolate: everyone who goes by Babylon shall be astonished, and hiss at all her plagues.
      14 Set yourselves in array against Babylon all around, all you who bend the bow; shoot at her, spare no arrows: for she has sinned against Yahweh.
      15 Shout against her all around: she has submitted herself; her bulwarks are fallen, her walls are thrown down; for it is the vengeance of Yahweh: take vengeance on her; as she has done, do to her.
      16 Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him who handles the sickle in the time of harvest: for fear of the oppressing sword they shall turn everyone to his people, and they shall flee everyone to his own land.
      17 Israel is a hunted sheep; the lions have driven him away: first, the king of Assyria devoured him; and now at last Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has broken his bones.
      18 Therefore thus says Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel: Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have punished the king of Assyria.
      19 I will bring Israel again to his pasture, and he shall feed on Carmel and Bashan, and his soul shall be satisfied on the hills of Ephraim and in Gilead.

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