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Romains 7.14

Ce développement nouveau (versets 14-24) est destiné à confirmer (en effet) l'idée démontrée dans versets 7-13 que c'est le péché, et non la loi, qui donne la mort.

Dans ces versets, Paul avait exposé le rapport de la loi avec le péché : la loi n'est pas la cause du péché, son auteur responsable ; mais elle le révèle à l'homme ; elle réveille le péché latent en lui, elle l'excite et le multiplie.

Maintenant, il indique la cause de cette action funeste de la loi ; il dit pourquoi elle est incapable d'arracher l'homme au péché, de le rendre meilleur. C'est que le péché a établi son empire dans la chair de l'homme ; et que dès lors le pécheur a beau donner son assentiment à la loi selon son meilleur moi, son "homme intérieur," son "entendement ;" il a beau vouloir accomplir la loi ; il ne le peut, sa chair, dont il est le captif et dont les aspirations sont opposées à la loi, ne lui permet pas de faire ce qu'il veut.

Dans cette dramatique description de la lutte impuissante de l'homme contre le péché qui habite dans sa chair, Paul emploie le présent.

La question qui se pose, et qui a de tout temps divisé les interprètes, est de savoir s'il retrace des expériences qu'il a faites comme Juif, avant sa conversion, ou des expériences qu'il fait encore au moment où il écrit, en d'autres termes s'il décrit l'état de l'homme irrégénéré ou celui du chrétien déjà né à la vie nouvelle.

La question a une importance pratique : elle peut influer sur toute la manière de concevoir la vie chrétienne Nous nous bornons à signaler ici le problème, nous indiquerons la solution qui nous paraît la plus acceptable, quand nous aurons étudié dans le détail la description de l'apôtre. (comparez verset 25 note)

Cette description se déroule comme une spirale dans laquelle la pensée, tournant sur elle-même et revenant par trois fois aux mêmes expériences, descend toujours plus profond dans l'abîme de la misère du pécheur.

F. Godet distingue dans ce morceau "trois cycles qui se terminent chacun par une espèce de refrain ; c'est une véritable complainte, l'élégie la plus douloureuse qui soit sortie d'un cœur d'homme"

Ces trois cycles sont : Romains 7.14-17,Romains 7.18-20,Romains 7.21-23.

- En séparant autrement les mots du texte grec, qui, dans les anciens manuscrits, sont écrits sans intervalles, on peut lire : Car je sais, il est vrai, que la loi est spirituelle...

La leçon : car nous savons, est admise par la majorité des critiques.

Paul rappelle un fait que ses lecteurs savent aussi bien que lui : la loi est spirituelle, c'est-à-dire conforme à l'Esprit saint qui l'a inspirée ; elle reflète la sainteté d'un Dieu qui ne juge pas seulement les œuvres extérieures, mais les pensées et les sentiments les plus secrets du cœur.

Le terme de spirituel exprime la nature plutôt que l'origine de la loi, car il fait antithèse avec la déclaration qui suit : mais moi je suis charnel.

L'adjectif que nous traduisons par charnel (dans Sin. B,A,C, D) n'implique pas un jugement moral défavorable : "porté vers la chair ;" il désigne simplement la substance de l'être : "fait de chair." En disant qu'il est charnel, Paul ne nie pas qu'il y ait en lui un élément supérieur ; (versets 18,22,25) mais la chair domine tellement en lui qu'il lui semble être tout entier "de chair." (Voir, sur la notion de la chair, Romains 1.3 note.)

Comme le péché, qui, depuis la chute d'Adam, est entré dans l'humanité, (Romains 5.12 suivants) s'est implanté particulièrement dans la chair de l'homme pour la corrompre, il résulte du fait que l'homme est charnel qu'il est vendu et asservi au péché (grec vendu sous le péché), c'est-à-dire qu'il est sous sa domination, en son pouvoir, comme l'esclave est tout entier au pouvoir de son maître et doit faire la volonté de son maître qu'il le veuille ou non. (versets 15,18,20,23)

Et cependant le pécheur ne perd jamais le sentiment de sa responsabilité ; dès qu'il rentre en lui-même, ce sentiment se réveille.


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      Genèse 37

      27 Come, and let's sell him to the Ishmaelites, and not let our hand be on him; for he is our brother, our flesh." His brothers listened to him.
      36 The Midianites sold him into Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, the captain of the guard.

      Genèse 40

      15 For indeed, I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews, and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon."

      Exode 21

      2 "If you buy a Hebrew servant, he shall serve six years and in the seventh he shall go out free without paying anything.
      3 If he comes in by himself, he shall go out by himself. If he is married, then his wife shall go out with him.
      4 If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself.
      5 But if the servant shall plainly say, 'I love my master, my wife, and my children. I will not go out free;'
      6 then his master shall bring him to God, and shall bring him to the door or to the doorpost, and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall serve him for ever.

      Exode 22

      3 If the sun has risen on him, guilt of bloodshed shall be for him; he shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.

      Lévitique 19

      18 "'You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people; but you shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am Yahweh.

      Deutéronome 6

      5 and you shall love Yahweh your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might.

      1 Rois 21

      20 Ahab said to Elijah, "Have you found me, my enemy?" He answered, "I have found you, because you have sold yourself to do that which is evil in the sight of Yahweh.
      25 But there was none like Ahab, who sold himself to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up.

      2 Rois 17

      17 They caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, to provoke him to anger.

      Job 42

      6 Therefore I abhor myself, and repent in dust and ashes."

      Psaumes 51

      6 Behold, you desire truth in the inward parts. You teach me wisdom in the inmost place.

      Psaumes 119

      25 My soul is laid low in the dust. Revive me according to your word!

      Proverbes 30

      2 "Surely I am the most ignorant man, and don't have a man's understanding.
      5 "Every word of God is flawless. He is a shield to those who take refuge in him.

      Esaïe 6

      5 Then I said, "Woe is me! For I am undone, because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for my eyes have seen the King, Yahweh of Armies!"

      Esaïe 50

      1 Thus says Yahweh, "Where is the bill of your mother's divorce, with which I have put her away? or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities were you sold, and for your transgressions was your mother put away.

      Esaïe 52

      3 For thus says Yahweh, "You were sold for nothing; and you shall be redeemed without money."

      Esaïe 64

      5 You meet him who rejoices and works righteousness, those who remember you in your ways. Behold, you were angry, and we sinned. We have been in sin for a long time; and shall we be saved?
      6 For we have all become as one who is unclean, and all our righteousness is as a polluted garment: and we all fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, take us away.

      Amos 2

      6 Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Israel, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they have sold the righteous for silver, and the needy for a pair of shoes;

      Matthieu 5

      22 But I tell you, that everyone who is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment; and whoever shall say to his brother, 'Raca !' shall be in danger of the council; and whoever shall say, 'You fool!' shall be in danger of the fire of Gehenna.
      28 but I tell you that everyone who gazes at a woman to lust after her has committed adultery with her already in his heart.

      Matthieu 16

      23 But he turned, and said to Peter, "Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me, for you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of men."

      Matthieu 18

      25 But because he couldn't pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, with his wife, his children, and all that he had, and payment to be made.

      Matthieu 22

      37 Jesus said to him, "'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.'
      38 This is the first and great commandment.
      39 A second likewise is this, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'
      40 The whole law and the prophets depend on these two commandments."

      Luc 5

      8 But Simon Peter, when he saw it, fell down at Jesus' knees, saying, "Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, Lord."

      Luc 7

      6 Jesus went with them. When he was now not far from the house, the centurion sent friends to him, saying to him, "Lord, don't trouble yourself, for I am not worthy for you to come under my roof.

      Luc 18

      11 The Pharisee stood and prayed to himself like this: 'God, I thank you, that I am not like the rest of men, extortioners, unrighteous, adulterers, or even like this tax collector.
      12 I fast twice a week. I give tithes of all that I get.'
      13 But the tax collector, standing far away, wouldn't even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, 'God, be merciful to me, a sinner!'
      14 I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted."

      Romains 7

      14 For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am fleshly, sold under sin.
      18 For I know that in me, that is, in my flesh, dwells no good thing. For desire is present with me, but I don't find it doing that which is good.
      22 For I delight in God's law after the inward man,
      23 but I see a different law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity under the law of sin which is in my members.
      24 What a wretched man I am! Who will deliver me out of the body of this death?

      1 Corinthiens 3

      1 Brothers, I couldn't speak to you as to spiritual, but as to fleshly, as to babies in Christ.
      2 I fed you with milk, not with meat; for you weren't yet ready. Indeed, not even now are you ready,
      3 for you are still fleshly. For insofar as there is jealousy, strife, and factions among you, aren't you fleshly, and don't you walk in the ways of men?

      Ephésiens 3

      8 To me, the very least of all saints, was this grace given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ,

      Hébreux 4

      12 For the word of God is living, and active, and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing even to the dividing of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and is able to discern the thoughts and intentions of the heart.
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