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Jean 7.39

C'est ainsi que l'évangéliste explique la promesse de Jésus. Celle-ci se rapportait à l'Esprit que devaient recevoir ceux qui croiraient en lui.

Jean ajoute que cet Esprit n'était pas encore. Il ne veut pas dire que l'Esprit de Dieu n'eût pas existé et ne se fût pas manifesté sous l'ancienne Alliance. Dès avant la création, "l'Esprit de Dieu se mouvait sur les eaux," pour y produire la vie et l'harmonie, (Genèse 1.2) et c'est poussés par lui que tous les prophètes ont parlé. (2Pierre 1.21)

Il ne faut pas cependant affaiblir l'expression en traduisant : n'avait pas encore été donné (B et l'Itala présentent cette variante, mais cette leçon est une correction évidente).

La pensée de Jean doit être interprétée à la lumière des déclarations de Jésus dans ses entretiens de la chambre haute (Jean 14.15 suivants ; Jean 16.5 et suivants), qui font dépendre la venue du Consolateur du retour de Jésus auprès de son Père, et identifient le don du Saint-Esprit avec la présence de Jésus-Christ dans le cœur de ses disciples. (Jean 14.17,18,23)

A la Pentecôte seulement, l'Esprit commença d'habiter dans le cœur des hommes et d'y agir comme un principe de régénération et de vie.

C'est dans ce sens que l'évangéliste peut dire : L'Esprit n'était pas encore. Et il en donne la raison aussi vraie que profonde : parce que Jésus n'était pas encore glorifié.

Cette condition indispensable de l'envoi du Saint-Esprit est expressément indiquée par Jésus lui-même. (Jean 16.7) Mais comment faut-il l'entendre ?

On a dit que jusqu'à la glorification de Christ "la foi des disciples, encore liée à la présence de Jésus en chair, était faible et obscurcie par leurs fausses idées messianiques, la présence et l'autorité de Jésus les retenaient dans un état passif et purement réceptif. Mais lorsque sa gloire leur fut révélée par les grands faits de sa mort et de sa résurrection, leur foi s'éleva à sa vraie spiritualité ; livrés à euxmêmes par le départ de leur Maître, leur activité propre se développa et tous les germes de l'Esprit déposés en eux portèrent leurs fruits." (De Wette.)

Cette explication est vraie, mais insiste trop exclusivement sur les dispositions des disciples. C'est en Christ luimême et dans son œuvre qu'il faut chercher les raisons qui rendaient sa glorification nécessaire pour que l'œuvre de l'Esprit pût s'accomplir. Christ devait, au préalable, par sa mort expiatoire, réconcilier notre humanité avec Dieu il devait, par son retour dans la gloire, (Jean 17.5) prendre possession du royaume qu'il était venu fonder, en sorte que "toute puissance lui fût donnée au ciel et sur la terre." (Matthieu 28.18)

Après cela seulement il était en mesure de répandre sur ses rachetés l'Esprit qui devait le glorifier lui-même en eux (Jean 16.14) et créer pour toujours leur communion avec le Sauveur invisible.


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      Deutéronome 18

      15 Yahweh your God will raise up to you a prophet from the midst of you, of your brothers, like me. You shall listen to him.
      16 This is according to all that you desired of Yahweh your God in Horeb in the day of the assembly, saying, "Let me not hear again the voice of Yahweh my God, neither let me see this great fire any more, that I not die."
      17 Yahweh said to me, "They have well said that which they have spoken.
      18 I will raise them up a prophet from among their brothers, like you; and I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I shall command him.

      Psaumes 68

      18 You have ascended on high. You have led away captives. You have received gifts among men, yes, among the rebellious also, that Yah God might dwell there.

      Proverbes 1

      23 Turn at my reproof. Behold, I will pour out my spirit on you. I will make known my words to you.

      Esaïe 12

      3 Therefore with joy you will draw water out of the wells of salvation.

      Esaïe 32

      15 Until the Spirit is poured on us from on high, and the wilderness becomes a fruitful field, and the fruitful field is considered a forest.

      Esaïe 44

      3 For I will pour water on him who is thirsty, and streams on the dry ground. I will pour my Spirit on your seed, and my blessing on your offspring:

      Joël 2

      28 "It will happen afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; and your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your old men will dream dreams. Your young men will see visions.

      Matthieu 16

      14 They said, "Some say John the Baptizer, some, Elijah, and others, Jeremiah, or one of the prophets."

      Matthieu 21

      11 The multitudes said, "This is the prophet, Jesus, from Nazareth of Galilee."

      Luc 3

      16 John answered them all, "I indeed baptize you with water, but he comes who is mightier than I, the latchet of whose sandals I am not worthy to loosen. He will baptize you in the Holy Spirit and fire,

      Luc 7

      16 Fear took hold of all, and they glorified God, saying, "A great prophet has arisen among us!" and, "God has visited his people!"

      Luc 24

      49 Behold, I send forth the promise of my Father on you. But wait in the city of Jerusalem until you are clothed with power from on high."

      Jean 1

      21 They asked him, "What then? Are you Elijah?" He said, "I am not." "Are you the prophet?" He answered, "No."
      25 They asked him, "Why then do you baptize, if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the prophet?"
      33 I didn't recognize him, but he who sent me to baptize in water, he said to me, 'On whomever you will see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he who baptizes in the Holy Spirit.'

      Jean 6

      14 When therefore the people saw the sign which Jesus did, they said, "This is truly the prophet who comes into the world."

      Jean 7

      12 There was much murmuring among the multitudes concerning him. Some said, "He is a good man." Others said, "Not so, but he leads the multitude astray."
      39 But he said this about the Spirit, which those believing in him were to receive. For the Holy Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus wasn't yet glorified.

      Jean 12

      16 His disciples didn't understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about him, and that they had done these things to him.
      23 Jesus answered them, "The time has come for the Son of Man to be glorified.

      Jean 13

      31 When he had gone out, Jesus said, "Now the Son of Man has been glorified, and God has been glorified in him.
      32 If God has been glorified in him, God will also glorify him in himself, and he will glorify him immediately.

      Jean 14

      13 Whatever you will ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son.
      16 I will pray to the Father, and he will give you another Counselor, that he may be with you forever,--
      17 the Spirit of truth, whom the world can't receive; for it doesn't see him, neither knows him. You know him, for he lives with you, and will be in you.
      26 But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things, and will remind you of all that I said to you.

      Jean 16

      7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth: It is to your advantage that I go away, for if I don't go away, the Counselor won't come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you.

      Jean 17

      5 Now, Father, glorify me with your own self with the glory which I had with you before the world existed.

      Jean 20

      22 When he had said this, he breathed on them, and said to them, "Receive the Holy Spirit!

      Actes 1

      4 Being assembled together with them, he commanded them, "Don't depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which you heard from me.
      5 For John indeed baptized in water, but you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit not many days from now."
      6 Therefore when they had come together, they asked him, "Lord, are you now restoring the kingdom to Israel?"
      7 He said to them, "It isn't for you to know times or seasons which the Father has set within his own authority.
      8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the earth."

      Actes 2

      4 They were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and began to speak with other languages, as the Spirit gave them the ability to speak.
      17 'It will be in the last days, says God, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh. Your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your young men will see visions. Your old men will dream dreams.
      33 Being therefore exalted by the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this, which you now see and hear.
      38 Peter said to them, "Repent, and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

      Actes 3

      13 The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified his Servant Jesus, whom you delivered up, and denied in the presence of Pilate, when he had determined to release him.
      22 For Moses indeed said to the fathers, 'The Lord God will raise up a prophet for you from among your brothers, like me. You shall listen to him in all things whatever he says to you.
      23 It will be, that every soul that will not listen to that prophet will be utterly destroyed from among the people.'

      Actes 4

      31 When they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were gathered together. They were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.

      Romains 8

      9 But you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if it is so that the Spirit of God dwells in you. But if any man doesn't have the Spirit of Christ, he is not his.

      2 Corinthiens 3

      8 won't service of the Spirit be with much more glory?

      Ephésiens 1

      13 in whom you also, having heard the word of the truth, the Good News of your salvation--in whom, having also believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise,
      14 who is a pledge of our inheritance, to the redemption of God's own possession, to the praise of his glory.

      Ephésiens 4

      30 Don't grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.
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