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2 Rois 17.24

24 à 41 Origine du peuple samaritain et de son culte hybride.

On a attribué, d'après Esdras 4.2, cette mesure à Asarhaddon, l'un des successeurs de Sargon. Mais il n'est pas vraisemblable qu'on ait attendu si longtemps (26 ans) pour repeupler le pays. Ce passage d'Esdras prouve simplement, ainsi qu'Esdras 4.10, qu'il y a eu plusieurs immigrations, qui ont contribué à former le peuple des Samaritains, et dont la principale a sans doute été celle qu'a fait exécuter Asarhaddon.

Cutha, ou Cuth, verset 30. Ce nom figure souvent dans les inscriptions assyriennes. On est assez d'accord aujourd'hui pour identifier Cutha avec la colline Tell-Ibrahim, toute couverte de débris, un peu à l'est de Babylone. Le dieu adoré là s'appelait Nergal, ce qui concorde avec le verset 30. Cependant Josèphe place Cutha dans les contrées de la Perse et de la Médie. Les rabbins appellent volontiers les Samaritains Cuthéens, ce qui prouve que cette peuplade formait la principale portion des nouveaux habitants de la Samarie.

Avva : sans doute le même nom qu'Ivva (18.34 ; 19.13). La situation est inconnue ; comparez Esaïe 37.13.

Hamath est la ville bien connue de ce nom sur l'Oronte (Esaïe 10.9, note).

Sépharvaïm : Esaïe 36.19, note.

Dans les villes de la Samarie. Pour la première fois le nom de Samarie désigne ici, non la ville, mais la contrée de ce nom.


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      1 Rois 8

      65 So Solomon held the feast at that time, and all Israel with him, a great assembly, from the entrance of Hamath to the brook of Egypt, before Yahweh our God, seven days and seven days, even fourteen days.

      2 Rois 17

      6 In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away to Assyria, and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.
      24 The king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and lived in the cities of it.
      30 The men of Babylon made Succoth Benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima,
      31 and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.

      2 Rois 18

      31 Don't listen to Hezekiah.' For thus says the king of Assyria, 'Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and everyone of you eat of his vine, and everyone of his fig tree, and everyone drink the waters of his own cistern;
      34 Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? Have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?

      2 Rois 19

      13 Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?"'"

      2 Chroniques 33

      11 Therefore Yahweh brought on them the captains of the army of the king of Assyria, who took Manasseh in chains, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon.

      Esdras 4

      2 then they drew near to Zerubbabel, and to the heads of fathers' households, and said to them, "Let us build with you; for we seek your God, as you do; and we sacrifice to him since the days of Esar Haddon king of Assyria, who brought us up here."
      3 But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of fathers' households of Israel, said to them, "You have nothing to do with us in building a house to our God; but we ourselves together will build to Yahweh, the God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia has commanded us."
      4 Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building,
      5 and hired counselors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.
      6 In the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
      7 In the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of his companions, to Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in Syrian, and set forth in the Syrian language.
      8 Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort:
      9 then Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions, the Dinaites, and the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, the Elamites,
      10 and the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Osnappar brought over, and set in the city of Samaria, and in the rest of the country beyond the River, and so forth, wrote.

      Esaïe 10

      9 Isn't Calno like Carchemish? Isn't Hamath like Arpad? Isn't Samaria like Damascus?"

      Esaïe 36

      19 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they delivered Samaria from my hand?

      Esaïe 37

      13 Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?'"

      Matthieu 10

      5 Jesus sent these twelve out, and commanded them, saying, "Don't go among the Gentiles, and don't enter into any city of the Samaritans.
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