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Exode 1.1

1.1 à 15.21 En Egypte

Chapitres 1 et 2, Israël dans la servitude

Chapitre 1 Multiplication et oppression d'Israël.

Ce chapitre, qui sert d'introduction à tout le livre, le relie en même temps au livre de la Genèse, comme l'indique expressément la conjonction et, par laquelle il commence. En effet, il répète, en le résumant, ce qui a été dit Genèse 46.8-27 ; puis il montre l'accomplissement de ce que Dieu avait prédit à Abraham et à Jacob (Genèse 15.13 ; 46.3). D'après ces passages, Dieu avait deux buts en faisant séjourner son peuple en Egypte : il voulait qu'il y multipliât et qu'il y fût opprimé. Nul pays n'était plus propre à réaliser cette double intention, car :

  1. l'espèce humaine, aussi bien que les espèces animales, s'y propagent plus qu'en aucun autre, et l'étonnante fertilité du sol suffit à nourrir une population considérable,
  2. l'Egypte a toujours été une maison de servitude, comme l'attestent les pyramides et les travaux immenses que les Pharaons faisaient exécuter par leurs prisonniers de guerre.

1.1

Sa famille : y compris les serviteurs, qui devaient être nombreux ; car Abraham en avait déjà trois cent dix-huit en état de porter les armes (Genèse 14.14).


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      Genèse 29

      31 Yahweh saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb, but Rachel was barren.
      32 Leah conceived, and bore a son, and she named him Reuben. For she said, "Because Yahweh has looked at my affliction. For now my husband will love me."
      33 She conceived again, and bore a son, and said, "Because Yahweh has heard that I am hated, he has therefore given me this son also." She named him Simeon.
      34 She conceived again, and bore a son. Said, "Now this time will my husband be joined to me, because I have borne him three sons." Therefore his name was called Levi.
      35 She conceived again, and bore a son. She said, "This time will I praise Yahweh." Therefore she named him Judah. Then she stopped bearing.

      Genèse 30

      1 When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister. She said to Jacob, "Give me children, or else I will die."
      2 Jacob's anger was kindled against Rachel, and he said, "Am I in God's place, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?"
      3 She said, "Behold, my maid Bilhah. Go in to her, that she may bear on my knees, and I also may obtain children by her."
      4 She gave him Bilhah her handmaid as wife, and Jacob went in to her.
      5 Bilhah conceived, and bore Jacob a son.
      6 Rachel said, "God has judged me, and has also heard my voice, and has given me a son." Therefore called she his name Dan.
      7 Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid, conceived again, and bore Jacob a second son.
      8 Rachel said, "With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed." She named him Naphtali.
      9 When Leah saw that she had finished bearing, she took Zilpah, her handmaid, and gave her to Jacob as a wife.
      10 Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, bore Jacob a son.
      11 Leah said, "How fortunate!" She named him Gad.
      12 Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, bore Jacob a second son.
      13 Leah said, "Happy am I, for the daughters will call me happy." She named him Asher.
      14 Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them to his mother, Leah. Then Rachel said to Leah, "Please give me some of your son's mandrakes."
      15 She said to her, "Is it a small matter that you have taken away my husband? Would you take away my son's mandrakes, also?" Rachel said, "Therefore he will lie with you tonight for your son's mandrakes."
      16 Jacob came from the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and said, "You must come in to me; for I have surely hired you with my son's mandrakes." He lay with her that night.
      17 God listened to Leah, and she conceived, and bore Jacob a fifth son.
      18 Leah said, "God has given me my hire, because I gave my handmaid to my husband." She named him Issachar.
      19 Leah conceived again, and bore a sixth son to Jacob.
      20 Leah said, "God has endowed me with a good dowry. Now my husband will live with me, because I have borne him six sons." She named him Zebulun.
      21 Afterwards, she bore a daughter, and named her Dinah.

      Genèse 35

      18 It happened, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she named him Benoni, but his father named him Benjamin.
      23 The sons of Leah: Reuben (Jacob's firstborn), Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.
      24 The sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin.
      25 The sons of Bilhah (Rachel's handmaid): Dan and Naphtali.
      26 The sons of Zilpah (Leah's handmaid): Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob, who were born to him in Paddan Aram.

      Genèse 46

      8 These are the names of the children of Israel, who came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob's firstborn.
      9 The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
      10 The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman.
      11 The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
      12 The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah; but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. The sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul.
      13 The sons of Issachar: Tola, Puvah, Iob, and Shimron.
      14 The sons of Zebulun: Sered, Elon, and Jahleel.
      15 These are the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan Aram, with his daughter Dinah. All the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty-three.
      16 The sons of Gad: Ziphion, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, and Areli.
      17 The sons of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and Serah their sister. The sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel.
      18 These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah, his daughter, and these she bore to Jacob, even sixteen souls.
      19 The sons of Rachel, Jacob's wife: Joseph and Benjamin.
      20 To Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, bore to him.
      21 The sons of Benjamin: Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard.
      22 These are the sons of Rachel, who were born to Jacob: all the souls were fourteen.
      23 The son of Dan: Hushim.
      24 The sons of Naphtali: Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem.
      25 These are the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel, his daughter, and these she bore to Jacob: all the souls were seven.
      26 All the souls who came with Jacob into Egypt, who were his direct descendants, besides Jacob's sons' wives, all the souls were sixty-six.

      Genèse 49

      3 "Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength; excelling in dignity, and excelling in power.
      4 Boiling over as water, you shall not excel; because you went up to your father's bed, then defiled it. He went up to my couch.
      5 "Simeon and Levi are brothers. Their swords are weapons of violence.
      6 My soul, don't come into their council. My glory, don't be united to their assembly; for in their anger they killed men. In their self-will they hamstrung cattle.
      7 Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel. I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.
      8 "Judah, your brothers will praise you. Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies. Your father's sons will bow down before you.
      9 Judah is a lion's cub. From the prey, my son, you have gone up. He stooped down, he crouched as a lion, as a lioness. Who will rouse him up?
      10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs. To him will the obedience of the peoples be.
      11 Binding his foal to the vine, his donkey's colt to the choice vine; he has washed his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes.
      12 His eyes will be red with wine, his teeth white with milk.
      13 "Zebulun will dwell at the haven of the sea. He will be for a haven of ships. His border will be on Sidon.
      14 "Issachar is a strong donkey, lying down between the saddlebags.
      15 He saw a resting place, that it was good, the land, that it was pleasant. He bows his shoulder to the burden, and becomes a servant doing forced labor.
      16 "Dan will judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel.
      17 Dan will be a serpent in the way, an adder in the path, That bites the horse's heels, so that his rider falls backward.
      18 I have waited for your salvation, Yahweh.
      19 "A troop will press on Gad, but he will press on their heel.
      20 "Asher's food will be rich. He will yield royal dainties.
      21 "Naphtali is a doe set free, who bears beautiful fawns.
      22 "Joseph is a fruitful vine, a fruitful vine by a spring. His branches run over the wall.
      23 The archers have severely grieved him, shot at him, and persecute him:
      24 But his bow remained strong. The arms of his hands were made strong, by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob, (from there is the shepherd, the stone of Israel),
      25 even by the God of your father, who will help you; by the Almighty, who will bless you, with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lies below, blessings of the breasts, and of the womb.
      26 The blessings of your father have prevailed above the blessings of your ancestors, above the boundaries of the ancient hills. They will be on the head of Joseph, on the crown of the head of him who is separated from his brothers.
      27 "Benjamin is a ravenous wolf. In the morning he will devour the prey. At evening he will divide the spoil."

      Exode 1

      1 Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):

      Exode 6

      14 These are the heads of their fathers' houses. The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi; these are the families of Reuben.
      15 The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman; these are the families of Simeon.
      16 These are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations: Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari; and the years of the life of Levi were one hundred thirty-seven years.

      1 Chroniques 2

      1 These are the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun,
      2 Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.

      1 Chroniques 12

      23 These are the numbers of the heads of those who were armed for war, who came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of Yahweh.
      24 The children of Judah who bore shield and spear were six thousand and eight hundred, armed for war.
      25 Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valor for the war, seven thousand and one hundred.
      26 Of the children of Levi four thousand and six hundred.
      27 Jehoiada was the leader of the household of Aaron; and with him were three thousand and seven hundred,
      28 and Zadok, a young man mighty of valor, and of his father's house twenty-two captains.
      29 Of the children of Benjamin, the brothers of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept their allegiance to the house of Saul.
      30 Of the children of Ephraim twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty men of valor, famous men in their fathers' houses.
      31 Of the half-tribe of Manasseh eighteen thousand, who were mentioned by name, to come and make David king.
      32 Of the children of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, their heads were two hundred; and all their brothers were at their commandment.
      33 Of Zebulun, such as were able to go out in the army, who could set the battle in array, with all kinds of instruments of war, fifty thousand, and who could command and were not of double heart.
      34 Of Naphtali one thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty-seven thousand.
      35 Of the Danites who could set the battle in array, twenty-eight thousand six hundred.
      36 Of Asher, such as were able to go out in the army, who could set the battle in array, forty thousand.
      37 On the other side of the Jordan, of the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and of the half-tribe of Manasseh, with all kinds of instruments of war for the battle, one hundred twenty thousand.
      38 All these being men of war, who could order the battle array, came with a perfect heart to Hebron, to make David king over all Israel: and all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king.
      39 They were there with David three days, eating and drinking; for their brothers had made preparation for them.
      40 Moreover those who were near to them, as far as Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, brought bread on donkeys, and on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, food of meal, cakes of figs, and clusters of raisins, and wine, and oil, and cattle, and sheep in abundance: for there was joy in Israel.

      1 Chroniques 27

      16 Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri the ruler: of the Simeonites, Shephatiah the son of Maacah:
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