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Romains 10.19

L'apôtre pose une seconde question, dans laquelle il écarte encore une circonstance atténuante que l'on pourrait faire valoir en faveur d'Israël : l'ignorance où ce peuple aurait été de la destination universelle du salut et du fait que l'Evangile devait être prêché aux païens et reçu par eux.

Dans l'original on lit : Israël n'a-t-il pas su (ou connu) ?

Les interprètes sont divisés sur le complément sous-entendu de ce verbe.

Plusieurs donnent à celui-ci le sens de "comprendre" et pensent qu'il a pour régime l'Evangile.

Les Juifs l'ont entendu, (verset 18) mais peut être ne l'ont-ils pas compris. La citation par laquelle l'apôtre répond à la question posée n'est pas favorable à cette explication. Elle fait allusion à la vocation des gentils ; et c'est sur ce fait que porte la question : Israël n'a-t-il pas su ?

- Moïse, le premier, parce qu'il précède tous les prophètes et que les écrits qui lui sont attribués se trouvent en tête du recueil canonique.

La citation est tirée de Deutéronome 32.21, où l'on lit dans l'hébreu : "Je provoquerai leur jalousie par ce qui n'est point un peuple ; j'exciterai leur colère par une nation insensée." Le sens de ces paroles, dans l'original, est : l'infidélité des Israélites, qui "ont excité la jalousie de Dieu par ce qui n'est point Dieu, et l'ont irrité par leurs vaines idoles" (première partie de Deutéronome 32.11), sera punie par le choix que l'Eternel fera d'un autre peuple.

L'expression : provoquer la jalousie, suppose l'image des relations conjugales aux rapports de Dieu avec son peuple. Osée (Osée 1 à Osée 3) développe cette image.

Si l'Eternel à son tour provoque la jalousie d'Israël, son épouse infidèle, c'est dans l'espoir que le peuple, se sentant abandonné, éprouvera le besoin impérieux de revenir son divin époux qu'il a trop longtemps offensé. Le chapitre suivant énoncera clairement cette espérance de la conversion d'Israël.


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      Deutéronome 32

      21 They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God. They have provoked me to anger with their vanities. I will move them to jealousy with those who are not a people. I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

      Psaumes 115

      5 They have mouths, but they don't speak. They have eyes, but they don't see.
      6 They have ears, but they don't hear. They have noses, but they don't smell.
      7 They have hands, but they don't feel. They have feet, but they don't walk, neither do they speak through their throat.
      8 Those who make them will be like them; yes, everyone who trusts in them.

      Esaïe 44

      18 They don't know, neither do they consider: for he has shut their eyes, that they can't see; and their hearts, that they can't understand.
      19 No one thinks, neither is there knowledge nor understanding to say, "I have burned part of it in the fire. Yes, I have also baked bread on its coals. I have roasted meat and eaten it. Shall I make the rest of it into an abomination? Shall I bow down to a tree trunk?"
      20 He feeds on ashes. A deceived heart has turned him aside; and he can't deliver his soul, nor say, "Isn't there a lie in my right hand?"

      Jérémie 10

      8 But they are together brutish and foolish: the instruction of idols! it is but a stock.
      14 Every man has become brutish and without knowledge; every goldsmith is disappointed by his engraved image; for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.

      Osée 2

      23 I will sow her to me in the earth; and I will have mercy on her who had not obtained mercy; and I will tell those who were not my people, 'You are my people;' and they will say, 'My God!'"

      Romains 1

      21 Because, knowing God, they didn't glorify him as God, neither gave thanks, but became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless heart was darkened.
      22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

      Romains 3

      26 to demonstrate his righteousness at this present time; that he might himself be just, and the justifier of him who has faith in Jesus.

      Romains 10

      18 But I say, didn't they hear? Yes, most certainly, "Their sound went out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world."
      19 But I ask, didn't Israel know? First Moses says, "I will provoke you to jealousy with that which is no nation, with a nation void of understanding I will make you angry."

      Romains 11

      11 I ask then, did they stumble that they might fall? May it never be! But by their fall salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy.
      14 if by any means I may provoke to jealousy those who are my flesh, and may save some of them.

      1 Corinthiens 1

      12 Now I mean this, that each one of you says, "I follow Paul," "I follow Apollos," "I follow Cephas," and, "I follow Christ."

      1 Corinthiens 7

      29 But I say this, brothers: the time is short, that from now on, both those who have wives may be as though they had none;

      1 Corinthiens 10

      19 What am I saying then? That a thing sacrificed to idols is anything, or that an idol is anything?

      1 Corinthiens 11

      22 What, don't you have houses to eat and to drink in? Or do you despise God's assembly, and put them to shame who don't have? What shall I tell you? Shall I praise you? In this I don't praise you.

      1 Corinthiens 12

      2 You know that when you were heathen , you were led away to those mute idols, however you might be led.

      1 Corinthiens 15

      50 Now I say this, brothers, that flesh and blood can't inherit the Kingdom of God; neither does corruption inherit incorruption.

      Tite 3

      3 For we were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another.

      1 Pierre 2

      10 who in time past were no people, but now are God's people, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.
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