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Genèse 49.27

בִּנְיָמִין֙ זְאֵ֣ב יִטְרָ֔ף בַּבֹּ֖קֶר יֹ֣אכַל עַ֑ד וְלָעֶ֖רֶב יְחַלֵּ֥ק שָׁלָֽל׃
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La violence

L'impatience engendre toujours une attitude violente envers Dieu, les autres et soi-même. Pourtant le Seigneur est celui qui pourvoira à …

Bertrand Colpier
Genèse 16.1-26
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La bible annotée Commentaire de Matthew Henry

Benjamin

Un loup qui déchire. L'image du loup est généralement employée dans un sens défavorable (Sophonie 3.3 ; Habakuk 1.8 ; Ezéchiel 22.27, etc.). Ce n'est pas, sans doute, le cas ici. L'auteur, ayant appliqué l'image du lion à Juda compare Benjamin à un animal sauvage plus petit, pour dépeindre la vaillance d'une tribu moins importante.

Le matin..., sur le soir... : en tout temps prêt à combattre et à vaincre. Sur le caractère belliqueux de la tribu de Benjamin, voir Juges 20.19 et suivants ; 1Chroniques 8.40 ; 12.2, etc. Le juge Ehud et le roi Saül furent benjamites.

Plusieurs interprètes pensent que ce morceau est la description de l'état de choses existant au moment où écrivait l'auteur, et non une prophétie de Jacob, et cherchent dans l'histoire d'Israël le moment où cette description a correspondu à la réalité. Pour les uns, c'est l'époque des Juges ; pour d'autres, celle de Samuel ; pour d'autres enfin, celle de David. On va même jusqu'à nommer le prophète Nathan comme l'auteur du morceau.

Mais plusieurs faits témoignent de la haute antiquité de ce chapitre. Le style a un caractère très antique. Bien des traits nous transportent à une époque antérieure à celle des Juges (comparez, par exemple, ce qui est dit de Zabulon, Issacar et Dan dans les versets 13 à 17 avec ce qui en est dit Juges 5.15,17-18). L'auteur ne paraît pas connaître la division du pays, telle qu'elle, a en lieu au temps de Josué (par exemple, il attribue à Zabulon un territoire maritime). Au verset 13, il ne paraît pas connaître Tyr, mentionnée pourtant déjà Josué 19.29. L'auteur semble avoir devant lui des individus, les pères des futures tribus, plutôt que ces tribus elles-mêmes. C'est en particulier le cas de Ruben, Siméon, Lévi, dont il rappelle certains traits individuels, et de Joseph qui, s'il figurait ici comme tribu, serait évidemment divisé en Ephraïm et Manassé. Il est impossible, enfin, de se figurer que la dispersion de Lévi pût être présentée comme une malédiction à une époque postérieure où déjà elle avait été transformée en bénédiction. Les paroles prononcées sur cette tribu nous transportent donc dans une époque antérieure à la scène du veau d'or. Du reste, la parole du verset 18 ne saurait être inventée. Ces raisons nous autorisent à conclure à l'authenticité du morceau.

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Matthew Henry © traduction Dominique Osché
Benjamin 01144 est un loup 02061 qui déchire 02963 08799 ; Le matin 01242, il dévore 0398 08799 la proie 05706, Et le soir 06153, il partage 02505 08762 le butin 07998.
0398 - 'akal manger, se nourrir, goûter, jouir, dévorer, consumer, détruire manger (pour êtres humains, bêtes, ou oiseaux) … 01144 - Binyamiyn Benjamin = « fils de ma main droite », « fils de félicité » plus … 01242 - boqer matin, point du jour, de bonne heure matin fin de la nuit arrivée de l'aurore … 02061 - zĕ'eb loup 02505 - chalaq diviser, partager, piller, allouer, donner répartir, assigner distribuer, impartir se diviser être divisé éparpiller recevoir … 02963 - taraph déchirer, ravir, mettre en pièces, arracher, plumer (Qal) déchirer, fendre (Niphal) être mis en pièces, … 05706 - `ad butin, proie 06153 - `ereb soir, nuit, coucher du soleil 07998 - shalal proie, pillage, butin proie butin, pillage (de guerre) dépouille gain (sens douteux) 08762 Radical : Piel 08840 Mode : Imparfait 08811 Nombre : 2447 08799 Radical : Qal 08851 Mode : Imparfait 08811 Nombre : 19885
© Éditions CLÉ, avec autorisation

BÉNÉDICTION La bénédiction est primitivement, comme la malédiction, un procédé (spirituel) de la « prise magique … BENJAMIN Fils cadet de Jacob et de Rachel. Il coûta la vie à sa mère qui, … HÉRÉDITÉ --Pour le sens juridique (transmission de biens par héritage), voir Propriété. Le plus souvent, l'hérédité … JACOB (hébreu Yaaqôb) 1. Les conteurs hébreux, toujours préoccupés d'étymologies parlantes, rattachent ce nom, soit au … LOUP (hébreu zeéb [cf. arabe dèb] ; grec lukos). Le loup existe encore en Palestine, où … PENTATEUQUE 1. Introduction. Le mot Pentateuque (dérivé du gr. pente =cinq, et teukhos =rouleau de papyrus), … POÉSIE HÉBRAÏQUE La poésie est fille de l'émotion. Sur les ailes de l'imagination, elle se laisse emporter … TARGUM ou TARGOUM Le mot targoum, dérivé d'un verbe sémitique qui signifie en assyrien « parler », est … TRIBU, TRIBUS Dans l'A. T, ce terme est la traduction des deux mots hébreux chébèt ou mattèh … ZODIAQUE (Grec, zôdiakos, de zôdion =figure d'animal, constellation.) Zone céleste conventionnelle en forme de couronne, que …

    • Genèse 35

      18 It happened, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she named him Benoni, but his father named him Benjamin.

      Genèse 46

      21 The sons of Benjamin: Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard.

      Genèse 49

      27 "Benjamin is a ravenous wolf. In the morning he will devour the prey. At evening he will divide the spoil."

      Nombres 23

      24 Behold, the people rises up as a lioness, As a lion he lifts himself up. He shall not lie down until he eat of the prey, and drinks the blood of the slain."

      Deutéronome 33

      12 Of Benjamin he said, "The beloved of Yahweh shall dwell in safety by him. He covers him all the day long. He dwells between his shoulders."

      Juges 3

      15 But when the children of Israel cried to Yahweh, Yahweh raised them up a savior, Ehud the son of Gera, the Benjamite, a man left-handed. The children of Israel sent tribute by him to Eglon the king of Moab.
      16 Ehud made him a sword which had two edges, a cubit in length; and he wore it under his clothing on his right thigh.
      17 He offered the tribute to Eglon king of Moab: now Eglon was a very fat man.
      18 When he had made an end of offering the tribute, he sent away the people who bore the tribute.
      19 But he himself turned back from the quarries that were by Gilgal, and said, "I have a secret errand to you, king." The king said, "Keep silence!" All who stood by him went out from him.
      20 Ehud came to him; and he was sitting by himself alone in the cool upper room. Ehud said, "I have a message from God to you." He arose out of his seat.
      21 Ehud put forth his left hand, and took the sword from his right thigh, and thrust it into his body:
      22 and the handle also went in after the blade; and the fat closed on the blade, for he didn't draw the sword out of his body; and it came out behind.
      23 Then Ehud went forth into the porch, and shut the doors of the upper room on him, and locked them.
      24 Now when he was gone out, his servants came; and they saw, and behold, the doors of the upper room were locked; and they said, "Surely he is covering his feet in the upper room."
      25 They waited until they were ashamed; and behold, he didn't open the doors of the upper room: therefore they took the key, and opened them, and behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth.
      26 Ehud escaped while they waited, and passed beyond the quarries, and escaped to Seirah.
      27 It happened, when he had come, that he blew a trumpet in the hill country of Ephraim; and the children of Israel went down with him from the hill country, and he before them.
      28 He said to them, "Follow me; for Yahweh has delivered your enemies the Moabites into your hand." They followed him, and took the fords of the Jordan against the Moabites, and didn't allow any man to pass over.
      29 They struck of Moab at that time about ten thousand men, every lusty man, and every man of valor; and there escaped not a man.

      Juges 20

      21 The children of Benjamin came forth out of Gibeah, and destroyed down to the ground of the Israelites on that day twenty-two thousand men.
      25 Benjamin went forth against them out of Gibeah the second day, and destroyed down to the ground of the children of Israel again eighteen thousand men; all these drew the sword.

      1 Samuel 11

      4 Then the messengers came to Gibeah of Saul, and spoke these words in the ears of the people: and all the people lifted up their voice, and wept.
      5 Behold, Saul came following the oxen out of the field; and Saul said, "What ails the people that they weep?" They told him the words of the men of Jabesh.
      6 The Spirit of God came mightily on Saul when he heard those words, and his anger was kindled greatly.
      7 He took a yoke of oxen, and cut them in pieces, and sent them throughout all the borders of Israel by the hand of messengers, saying, "Whoever doesn't come forth after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done to his oxen." The dread of Yahweh fell on the people, and they came out as one man.
      8 He numbered them in Bezek; and the children of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand.
      9 They said to the messengers who came, "Thus you shall tell the men of Jabesh Gilead, 'Tomorrow, by the time the sun is hot, you shall have deliverance.'" The messengers came and told the men of Jabesh; and they were glad.
      10 Therefore the men of Jabesh said, "Tomorrow we will come out to you, and you shall do with us all that seems good to you."
      11 It was so on the next day, that Saul put the people in three companies; and they came into the midst of the camp in the morning watch, and struck the Ammonites until the heat of the day: and it happened, that those who remained were scattered, so that no two of them were left together.

      1 Samuel 14

      1 Now it fell on a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said to the young man who bore his armor, "Come, and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on the other side." But he didn't tell his father.
      2 Saul stayed in the uttermost part of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree which is in Migron: and the people who were with him were about six hundred men;
      3 and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of Yahweh in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. The people didn't know that Jonathan was gone.
      4 Between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistines' garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side, and a rocky crag on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.
      5 The one crag rose up on the north in front of Michmash, and the other on the south in front of Geba.
      6 Jonathan said to the young man who bore his armor, "Come, and let us go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised. It may be that Yahweh will work for us; for there is no restraint on Yahweh to save by many or by few."
      7 His armor bearer said to him, "Do all that is in your heart. Turn and, behold, I am with you according to your heart."
      8 Then Jonathan said, "Behold, we will pass over to the men, and we will reveal ourselves to them.
      9 If they say thus to us, 'Wait until we come to you!' then we will stand still in our place, and will not go up to them.
      10 But if they say this, 'Come up to us!' then we will go up; for Yahweh has delivered them into our hand. This shall be the sign to us."
      11 Both of them revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines: and the Philistines said, "Behold, the Hebrews are coming out of the holes where they had hidden themselves!"
      12 The men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armor bearer, and said, "Come up to us, and we will show you something!" Jonathan said to his armor bearer, "Come up after me; for Yahweh has delivered them into the hand of Israel."
      13 Jonathan climbed up on his hands and on his feet, and his armor bearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armor bearer killed them after him.
      14 That first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armor bearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were half a furrow's length in an acre of land.
      15 There was a trembling in the camp, in the field, and among all the people; the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled; and the earth quaked: so there was an exceeding great trembling.

      1 Samuel 17

      1 Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle; and they were gathered together at Socoh, which belongs to Judah, and encamped between Socoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim.
      2 Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and encamped in the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the Philistines.
      3 The Philistines stood on the mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on the mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them.
      4 There went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span.
      5 He had a helmet of brass on his head, and he was clad with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass.
      6 He had brass shin armor on his legs, and a javelin of brass between his shoulders.
      7 The staff of his spear was like a weaver's beam; and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron: and his shield bearer went before him.
      8 He stood and cried to the armies of Israel, and said to them, "Why have you come out to set your battle in array? Am I not a Philistine, and you servants to Saul? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me.
      9 If he be able to fight with me, and kill me, then will we be your servants; but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then you will be our servants, and serve us."
      10 The Philistine said, "I defy the armies of Israel this day! Give me a man, that we may fight together!"
      11 When Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, they were dismayed, and greatly afraid.
      12 Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehem Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons: and the man was an old man in the days of Saul, stricken among men.
      13 The three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.
      14 David was the youngest; and the three eldest followed Saul.
      15 Now David went back and forth from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem.
      16 The Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.
      17 Jesse said to David his son, "Now take for your brothers an ephah of this parched grain, and these ten loaves, and carry them quickly to the camp to your brothers;
      18 and bring these ten cheeses to the captain of their thousand, and see how your brothers are doing, and bring back news."
      19 Now Saul, and they, and all the men of Israel, were in the valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines.
      20 David rose up early in the morning, and left the sheep with a keeper, and took, and went, as Jesse had commanded him; and he came to the place of the wagons, as the army which was going forth to the fight shouted for the battle.
      21 Israel and the Philistines put the battle in array, army against army.
      22 David left his baggage in the hand of the keeper of the baggage, and ran to the army, and came and greeted his brothers.
      23 As he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the ranks of the Philistines, and spoke according to the same words: and David heard them.
      24 All the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him, and were terrified.
      25 The men of Israel said, "Have you seen this man who has come up? He has surely come up to defy Israel. It shall be, that the man who kills him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in Israel."
      26 David spoke to the men who stood by him, saying, "What shall be done to the man who kills this Philistine, and takes away the reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?"
      27 The people answered him in this way, saying, "So shall it be done to the man who kills him."
      28 Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke to the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, "Why have you come down? With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know your pride, and the naughtiness of your heart; for you have come down that you might see the battle."
      29 David said, "What have I now done? Is there not a cause?"
      30 He turned away from him toward another, and spoke like that again; and the people answered him again the same way.
      31 When the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them before Saul; and he sent for him.
      32 David said to Saul, "Let no man's heart fail because of him. Your servant will go and fight with this Philistine."
      33 Saul said to David, "You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for you are but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth."
      34 David said to Saul, "Your servant was keeping his father's sheep; and when a lion or a bear came, and took a lamb out of the flock,
      35 I went out after him, and struck him, and rescued it out of his mouth. When he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and struck him, and killed him.
      36 Your servant struck both the lion and the bear. This uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, since he has defied the armies of the living God."
      37 David said, "Yahweh who delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine." Saul said to David, "Go; and Yahweh shall be with you."
      38 Saul dressed David with his clothing. He put a helmet of brass on his head, and he clad him with a coat of mail.
      39 David strapped his sword on his clothing, and he tried to move; for he had not tested it. David said to Saul, "I can't go with these; for I have not tested them." David took them off.
      40 He took his staff in his hand, and chose for himself five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in the shepherd's bag which he had, even in his wallet. His sling was in his hand; and he drew near to the Philistine.
      41 The Philistine came on and drew near to David; and the man who bore the shield went before him.
      42 When the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him; for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and withal of a fair face.
      43 The Philistine said to David, "Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?" The Philistine cursed David by his gods.
      44 The Philistine said to David, "Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the sky, and to the animals of the field."
      45 Then David said to the Philistine, "You come to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a javelin: but I come to you in the name of Yahweh of Armies, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.
      46 Today, Yahweh will deliver you into my hand. I will strike you, and take your head from off you. I will give the dead bodies of the army of the Philistines this day to the birds of the sky, and to the wild animals of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel,
      47 and that all this assembly may know that Yahweh doesn't save with sword and spear: for the battle is Yahweh's, and he will give you into our hand."
      48 It happened, when the Philistine arose, and came and drew near to meet David, that David hurried, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine.
      49 David put his hand in his bag, took a stone, and slung it, and struck the Philistine in his forehead; and the stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the earth.
      50 So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and struck the Philistine, and killed him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.
      51 Then David ran, and stood over the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of its sheath, and killed him, and cut off his head therewith. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled.
      52 The men of Israel and of Judah arose, and shouted, and pursued the Philistines, until you come to Gai, and to the gates of Ekron. The wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, even to Gath, and to Ekron.
      53 The children of Israel returned from chasing after the Philistines, and they plundered their camp.
      54 David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem; but he put his armor in his tent.
      55 When Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said to Abner, the captain of the army, "Abner, whose son is this youth?" Abner said, "As your soul lives, O king, I can't tell."

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