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Merci à Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes pour la conception du processus d’affichage DYS.

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DOS

Les termes hébreu désignant cette partie du corps sont assez variables. Lorsqu'il s'agit de tourner le dos, on dit : tourner l'épaule (chekem, 1Sa 10:9) ou le cou , (ôreph, Jos 7:8,12, Jer 48:39) ce qui revient à décrire la fuite (Ex 23:27, Ps 18:41) ; c'est l'image de l'infidélité des Israélites à l'égard de l'Éternel (Jer 2:27 32:33,2Ch 29:6) et, par réciprocité, du châtiment de Dieu (Jer 18:17) ; même tableau d'apostasie dans Eze 8:16, où les idolâtres se placent de façon à avoir derrière eux le Temple et devant eux le soleil qu'ils adorent (voir Face).

-Les autres mentions du dos dans l'A.T. emploient divers termes apparentés (gab, gav, gév) : D'abord, à propos du dos qu'on frappe : comme le cou raide (voir Cou), le dos dur représente l'indocilité (Bar 2:33) ; c'est ce manque de sens moral ou religieux qui doit être puni de coups de verge (Pr 10:13 19:29 26:3). Le châtiment des Juifs révoltés contre Dieu est d'avoir le dos continuellement courbé (sous un joug étranger), d'après Ps 69:24 dans la trad. LXX, suivie par saint Paul (Ro 11:10). Les images singulières de Ps 129:3, Esa 50:6 51:23 font allusion, à propos des souffrances d'Israël, aux cruels traitements que les vainqueurs antiques imposaient à leurs vaincus (fig. 108), en les étendant par terre, en leur labourant le dos de coups de fouet, en les piétinant ou en faisant passer sur eux les traîneaux à battre le blé (voir Marchepied).

--Pour l'expression « dos et ventre » (Jug 15:8, dans Ost. et Sg.), voir Jambe, 2.

-Autre métaphore curieuse : on jette derrière son dos ce qu'on ne veut plus voir, connaître ni se rappeler ; les rebelles rejettent ainsi la Loi de Dieu (Ne 9:26) ou Dieu lui-même (1Ro 14:9, Eze 23:35), mais le pieux Ézéchias, se sentant pardonné par Dieu, lui rend grâces dans cet anthropomorphisme naïf, qui annonce cependant l'Évangile : « Tu as rejeté mes péchés derrière ton dos ! » (Esa 38:17).

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      Exode 23

      27 I will send my terror before you, and will confuse all the people to whom you come, and I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you.

      Josué 7

      8 Oh, Lord, what shall I say, after that Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!
      12 Therefore the children of Israel can't stand before their enemies. They turn their backs before their enemies, because they have become devoted for destruction. I will not be with you any more, unless you destroy the devoted things from among you.

      Juges 15

      8 He struck them hip and thigh with a great slaughter: and he went down and lived in the cleft of the rock of Etam.

      1 Samuel 10

      9 It was so, that when he had turned his back to go from Samuel, God gave him another heart: and all those signs happened that day.

      2 Chroniques 29

      6 For our fathers have trespassed, and done that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh our God, and have forsaken him, and have turned away their faces from the habitation of Yahweh, and turned their backs.

      Néhémie 9

      26 "Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against you, and cast your law behind their back, and killed your prophets that testified against them to turn them again to you, and they committed awful blasphemies.

      Psaumes 18

      41 They cried, but there was none to save; even to Yahweh, but he didn't answer them.

      Psaumes 69

      24 Pour out your indignation on them. Let the fierceness of your anger overtake them.

      Psaumes 129

      3 The plowers plowed on my back. They made their furrows long.

      Proverbes 10

      13 Wisdom is found on the lips of him who has discernment, but a rod is for the back of him who is void of understanding.

      Proverbes 19

      29 Penalties are prepared for scoffers, and beatings for the backs of fools.

      Proverbes 26

      3 A whip is for the horse, a bridle for the donkey, and a rod for the back of fools!

      Esaïe 38

      17 Behold, for peace I had great anguish, but you have in love for my soul delivered it from the pit of corruption; for you have cast all my sins behind your back.

      Esaïe 50

      6 I gave my back to the strikers, and my cheeks to those who plucked off the hair; I didn't hide my face from shame and spitting.

      Esaïe 51

      23 and I will put it into the hand of those who afflict you, who have said to your soul, 'Bow down, that we may walk over you;' and you have laid your back as the ground, and as the street, to those who walk over."

      Jérémie 2

      27 who tell wood, 'You are my father;' and a stone, 'You have brought me out:' for they have turned their back to me, and not their face; but in the time of their trouble they will say, 'Arise, and save us.'

      Jérémie 18

      17 I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I will show them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity.

      Jérémie 32

      33 They have turned to me the back, and not the face: and though I taught them, rising up early and teaching them, yet they have not listened to receive instruction.

      Jérémie 48

      39 How it is broken down! How they wail! How Moab has turned the back with shame! So shall Moab become a derision and a terror to all who are around him.

      Ezéchiel 8

      16 He brought me into the inner court of Yahweh's house; and see, at the door of Yahweh's temple, between the porch and the altar, were about twenty-five men, with their backs toward Yahweh's temple, and their faces toward the east; and they were worshipping the sun toward the east.

      Ezéchiel 23

      35 Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because you have forgotten me, and cast me behind your back, therefore you also bear your lewdness and your prostitution.

      Romains 11

      10 Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see. Bow down their back always."
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