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1 Corinthiens 10.16

La coupe de bénédiction, ou d'actions de grâces, était, chez les Juifs, la coupe du souper pascal sur laquelle le père de famille prononçait la bénédiction en remerciant Dieu, avant de la donner à ceux qui l'entouraient. (Voy. Matthieu 26.27, note.) Par là, le repas était béni, consacré à la gloire de ce Dieu, (versets 30,31) qui s'est manifesté dans les dons de la création, et surtout dans la délivrance de son peuple, rappelée à tout Israélite par la Pâque.

Mais lorsque, dans cette coupe, le Sauveur nous fait considérer son sang répandu pour le salut du monde, la bénédiction qui s'y rattache prend une signification plus profonde : c'est l'action de grâces pour le don ineffable de Dieu. De là le nom d'eucharistie (action de grâce), que les premiers chrétiens donnaient à la cène, mais qui n'en indique pourtant pas le sens complet.

L'action de rompre le pain a aussi sa signification. (1Corinthiens 11.24)

L'idée de sacrifice, qui se trouve chez tous les peuples, qui est un besoin profond de la conscience coupable, qui formait le centre de toutes les institutions mosaïques, et qui a été pleinement réalisée sur le Calvaire, peut seule faire comprendre le sens complet de ces paroles.

La victime immolée, on en brûlait sur l'autel les parties les plus grasses, d'autres étaient données aux sacrificateurs, d'autres enfin servaient aux repas du sacrifice, auquel prenait part celui qui l'avait offert, avec sa famille et ses amis, avec "l'étranger, la veuve et l'orphelin," et "il se réjouissait devant l'Eternel." (Deutéronome 12.5-12,17-19 ; 14.22-29 ; 16.10,11)

Tous ces actes avaient leur signification. Nous ne rappellerons pas ici celle du sacrifice même ; mais c'est par ce repas que ceux qui l'avaient offert s'en appropriaient personnellement l'efficace, (verset 18) se mettaient en communion avec Dieu, que le sacrifice venait de rendre propice et de réconcilier avec le pécheur. C'est dans ce sens que Paul considère ici la cène comme un repas de sacrifice : le sacrifice de Christ, offert une seule fois pour le péché ; son corps rompu, son sang répandu sont présentés au chrétien, qui, en les recevant, entre avec son Sauveur crucifié et glorifié dans une communion véritable, s'approprie tous les fruits de la rédemption, tandis que Christ devient en lui la source d'une vie nouvelle. (Comparer Matthieu 26.26 et suivants, notes ; Jean 6.57, note.) De cette communion avec Christ, l'apôtre va tirer un argument puissant contre toute participation aux sacrifices des idoles. (versets 20,21)


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    • Matthieu 26

      26 As they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks for it, and broke it. He gave to the disciples, and said, "Take, eat; this is my body."
      27 He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, "All of you drink it,
      28 for this is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many for the remission of sins.

      Marc 14

      22 As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had blessed, he broke it, and gave to them, and said, "Take, eat. This is my body."
      23 He took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them. They all drank of it.
      24 He said to them, "This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many.
      25 Most certainly I tell you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it anew in the Kingdom of God."

      Luc 22

      19 He took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and gave to them, saying, "This is my body which is given for you. Do this in memory of me."
      20 Likewise, he took the cup after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.

      Jean 6

      53 Jesus therefore said to them, "Most certainly I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you don't have life in yourselves.
      54 He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.
      55 For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.
      56 He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood lives in me, and I in him.
      57 As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father; so he who feeds on me, he will also live because of me.
      58 This is the bread which came down out of heaven--not as our fathers ate the manna, and died. He who eats this bread will live forever."

      Actes 2

      42 They continued steadfastly in the apostles' teaching and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and prayer.
      46 Day by day, continuing steadfastly with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread at home, they took their food with gladness and singleness of heart,

      Actes 20

      7 On the first day of the week, when the disciples were gathered together to break bread, Paul talked with them, intending to depart on the next day, and continued his speech until midnight.
      11 When he had gone up, and had broken bread, and eaten, and had talked with them a long while, even until break of day, he departed.

      1 Corinthiens 1

      9 God is faithful, through whom you were called into the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord.

      1 Corinthiens 10

      16 The cup of blessing which we bless, isn't it a sharing of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, isn't it a sharing of the body of Christ?
      20 But I say that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and not to God, and I don't desire that you would have fellowship with demons.
      21 You can't both drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You can't both partake of the table of the Lord, and of the table of demons.

      1 Corinthiens 11

      23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread.
      24 When he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "Take, eat. This is my body, which is broken for you. Do this in memory of me."
      25 In the same way he also took the cup, after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink, in memory of me."
      26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
      27 Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks the Lord's cup in a way unworthy of the Lord will be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord.
      28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread, and drink of the cup.
      29 For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy way eats and drinks judgment to himself, if he doesn't discern the Lord's body.

      1 Corinthiens 12

      13 For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether bond or free; and were all given to drink into one Spirit.

      Hébreux 3

      14 For we have become partakers of Christ, if we hold fast the beginning of our confidence firm to the end:

      1 Jean 1

      3 that which we have seen and heard we declare to you, that you also may have fellowship with us. Yes, and our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son, Jesus Christ.
      7 But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus Christ, his Son, cleanses us from all sin.

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