Psaumes 51.1

Au chef de chœur. Psaume de David,
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La bible annotée Commentaire de Matthew Henry

Au maître chantre. Le fait qu'un homme en vue, comme l'était David, ne s'est pas contenté d'une humiliation secrète, mais a voulu que sa prière devînt publique, en en faisant le sujet d'un cantique destiné, à être chanté dans les solennités religieuses, montre la réalité et la profondeur de sa repentance. Le péché a été manifeste ; la confession douloureuse doit l'être aussi.

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Le psalmiste prie pour obtenir la miséricorde divine, confessant humblement ses péchés. (Psaumes 51:1-6)
Il plaide pour le pardon afin de promouvoir la gloire de Dieu et la conversion des pécheurs. (Psaumes 51:7-15)
Dieu est satisfait devant un cœur contrit, une prière pour la prospérité de Sion. (Psaumes 51:16-19)

David, convaincu de son péché, épanche son âme à Dieu dans une prière qui implore la miséricorde et la grâce. Qui donc pourrait provoquer un tel sentiment de repentance auprès de ses enfants sinon le Seigneur Dieu qui seul peut les guérir ?

Le psalmiste, de par son enseignement spirituel, fait un état de son cœur, vis-à-vis de Dieu. Ceux qui, en toute sincérité, implorent le pardon divin pour leurs péchés, n'éprouveront aucune honte de leur repentance. L'auteur nous offre un enseignement sur cette pratique et en particulier sur ce qu'il faut dire.

David a non seulement commis un grave péché, il en souffre aussi énormément vis à vis de Dieu ; il sait également qu'il peut compter sur la grâce infinie de Dieu, et obtenir ainsi Son pardon et Sa paix. Il implore le pardon du péché.

Le sang de Christ, épandu sur la conscience, efface la transgression, et nous réconcilie avec Dieu. Le croyant désire vivement être délivré de la dette de tous ses péchés, il veut être lavé de toute souillure ; il voudrait être soigneusement nettoyé de toute iniquité ; mais l'hypocrite a toujours quelques secrets cachés ou de vifs désirs insatisfaits.

David éprouve une honte réelle vis à vis de son péché, à tel point qu'il y pense constamment, étant troublé et saisi de douleur. Son péché a été commis contre Dieu et ceci montre bien combien nous nous éloignons de Lui lorsque nous péchons volontairement ; dans cet état, nous ne pouvons que régresser. Et celui qui se repent sincèrement saisira vraiment l'envergure de sa faute et la corruption de son péché. Il confessera cette corruption. C'est cette folie qui est implantée dans le cœur d'un enfant, cette tendance à se tourner vers le mal et non vers le bien, ce fardeau qui charge celui qui veut être régénéré et qui ruine l'impie. Il est encourageant, lors de cette repentance, de voir que Dieu, dans sa grâce, accepte le psalmiste.

Dieu désire la sincérité de cœur, il regarde au changement de cap du pécheur. Là où se trouve la vérité Dieu donne la sagesse. Ceux qui recherchent instamment et sincèrement cette voie seront encouragés ; ils ne pourront espérer se sanctifier que par la grâce divine qui seule peut laver leur nature corrompue.

Matthew Henry © traduction Dominique Osché
Au chef des chantres 05329 08764. Psaume 04210 de David 01732. Lorsque Nathan 05416, le prophète 05030, vint 0935 08800 à lui, après que David fut allé 0935 08804 vers Bath-Schéba 01339. O Dieu 0430 ! aie pitié 02603 08798 de moi dans ta bonté 02617 ; Selon ta grande 07230 miséricorde 07356, efface 04229 08798 mes transgressions 06588 ;
0430 - 'elohiym juges, divinités, anges, dieux comme un dieu, possessions de Dieu, le (vrai) Dieu, Elohim 0935 - bow' entrer, venir, aller atteindre conduire être introduit, être posé 01339 - Bath-Sheba` Bath-Schéba (Angl. Bath-sheba) = « fille d'un serment » épouse d'Urie que David fit mourir, … 01732 - David David = « bien aimé » plus jeune fils d'Isaï et second roi d'Israël 02603 - chanan être miséricordieux, montrer de la faveur, pitié (Qal) montrer de la faveur, être miséricordieux (Niphal) … 02617 - checed bonté, miséricorde, fidélité, amour, faveur, grâce, piété un reproche, honte? crime 04210 - mizmowr mélodie, chant, cantique, psaume se trouve à la tête de beaucoup de psaumes 04229 - machah essuyer, s'essuyer (Qal) essuyer enlever une tache en la recouvrant nettoyer, effacer, exterminer (Niphal) être … 05030 - nabiy' l'homme qui parle, un prophète, interprète de la pensée de Dieu prophète faux prophète prophète … 05329 - natsach exceller, être brillant, être prééminent, être perpétuel, être préposé, surveillant, être durable (Nifal) durable, être … 05416 - Nathan Nathan = « il (Dieu) a donné » un fils de David par Bath-Schéba un … 06588 - pesha` transgression, rébellion transgression (envers des individus) transgression (d'une nation envers une autre nation) transgression (envers … 07230 - rob multitude, abondance, grandeur grand nombre en abondance, abondamment nombreux grandeur 07356 - racham matrice, sein maternel compassion, miséricorde 08764 Radical : Piel 08840 Mode : Participe 08813 Nombre : 685 08798 Radical : Qal 08851 Mode : Impératif 08810 Nombre : 2847 08800 Radical : Qal 08851 Mode : Infinitif 08812 Nombre : 4888 08804 Radical : Qal 08851 Mode : Parfait 08816 Nombre : 12562
© Éditions CLÉ, avec autorisation

BATH-SÉBA (=fille de Séba) ou BATH-SUA ( 1Ch 3:5 ). Femme d'Urie, le Héthien ou Hittite … CONFESSION Action de confesser (grec exomo-logeîn) ; ce mot peut être pris dans deux acceptions différentes. … DAVID (=bien-aimé). Second roi d'Israël, le plus grand de tous ; fondateur de la dynastie, qui … ESPRIT Hébr. rouakh ; grec pneuma. La notion de l'Esprit est l'une des plus importantes de … HUMILITÉ « L'humilité est le sentiment de notre bassesse devant Dieu » (Vauvenargues) ; autrement dit … ISRAËL (Histoire et Religion 9.) 8. Le judaïsme après l'Exil. Nous n'avons pas de précisions quant au nombre des Juifs … MAL Hébr. ra, du verbe râa =briser, corrompre, détruire ; grec kakia =le mal en soi … PÉCHÉ (5.) V Les Ecrits. L'influence du prophétisme se fait sentir très profondément sur un certain nombre … PÉNITENCE Voir Repentance. L'ancienne Église chrétienne appelait Psaumes de la pénitence ou Psaumes pénitentiaux les sept … PROPHÈTE 6. VI Les trois grands siècles de la prophétie. Nous avons vu ce qu'était le milieu … PSALMISTES (message des). « Le livre des Psaumes est dans la Bible ce qu'est le coeur … PSAUMES Le livre des Psaumes est le monument le plus important de la poésie hébraïque. Non … RÉGÉNÉRATION La nécessité d'une nouvelle naissance pour entrer dans la vie divine est une des préoccupations … SACRIFICES ET OFFRANDES (3.) III Etendue de l'expiation par le sacrifice. Ici nous nous trouvons sur un terrain difficile, … VOCATION Du latin vocatio, de vocare =appeler, interpeller, inviter ; en français, s'emploie au figuré : …

    • Exode 34

      6 Yahweh passed by before him, and proclaimed, "Yahweh! Yahweh, a merciful and gracious God, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness and truth,
      7 keeping loving kindness for thousands, forgiving iniquity and disobedience and sin; and that will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, and on the children's children, on the third and on the fourth generation."

      Nombres 14

      18 'Yahweh is slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, forgiving iniquity and disobedience; and that will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and on the fourth generation.'
      19 Please pardon the iniquity of this people according to the greatness of your loving kindness, and according as you have forgiven this people, from Egypt even until now."

      2 Samuel 11

      2 It happened at evening, that David arose from off his bed, and walked on the roof of the king's house: and from the roof he saw a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful to look on.
      3 David sent and inquired after the woman. One said, "Isn't this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?"
      4 David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in to him, and he lay with her (for she was purified from her uncleanness); and she returned to her house.
      5 The woman conceived; and she sent and told David, and said, "I am with child."
      6 David sent to Joab, "Send me Uriah the Hittite." Joab sent Uriah to David.
      7 When Uriah had come to him, David asked of him how Joab did, and how the people fared, and how the war prospered.
      8 David said to Uriah, "Go down to your house, and wash your feet." Uriah departed out of the king's house, and a gift from the king was sent after him.
      9 But Uriah slept at the door of the king's house with all the servants of his lord, and didn't go down to his house.
      10 When they had told David, saying, "Uriah didn't go down to his house," David said to Uriah, "Haven't you come from a journey? Why didn't you go down to your house?"
      11 Uriah said to David, "The ark, Israel, and Judah, are staying in tents; and my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open field. Shall I then go into my house to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? As you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do this thing!"
      12 David said to Uriah, "Stay here today also, and tomorrow I will let you depart." So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day, and the next day.
      13 When David had called him, he ate and drink before him; and he made him drunk. At evening, he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but didn't go down to his house.
      14 It happened in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.
      15 He wrote in the letter, saying, "Send Uriah to the forefront of the hottest battle, and retreat from him, that he may be struck, and die."
      16 It happened, when Joab kept watch on the city, that he assigned Uriah to the place where he knew that valiant men were.
      17 The men of the city went out, and fought with Joab. Some of the people fell, even of the servants of David; and Uriah the Hittite died also.
      18 Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;
      19 and he commanded the messenger, saying, "When you have finished telling all the things concerning the war to the king,
      20 it shall be that, if the king's wrath arise, and he asks you, 'Why did you go so near to the city to fight? Didn't you know that they would shoot from the wall?
      21 who struck Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Didn't a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?' then you shall say, 'Your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.'"
      22 So the messenger went, and came and showed David all that Joab had sent him for.
      23 The messenger said to David, "The men prevailed against us, and came out to us into the field, and we were on them even to the entrance of the gate.
      24 The shooters shot at your servants from off the wall; and some of the king's servants are dead, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also."
      25 Then David said to the messenger, "Thus you shall tell Joab, 'Don't let this thing displease you, for the sword devours one as well as another. Make your battle stronger against the city, and overthrow it.' Encourage him."
      26 When the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she made lamentation for her husband.
      27 When the mourning was past, David sent and took her home to his house, and she became his wife, and bore him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased Yahweh.

      2 Samuel 12

      1 Yahweh sent Nathan to David. He came to him, and said to him, "There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.
      2 The rich man had very many flocks and herds,
      3 but the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and raised. It grew up together with him, and with his children. It ate of his own food, drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was to him like a daughter.
      4 A traveler came to the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man who had come to him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man who had come to him."
      5 David's anger was greatly kindled against the man, and he said to Nathan, "As Yahweh lives, the man who has done this is worthy to die!
      6 He shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity!"
      7 Nathan said to David, "You are the man. This is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: 'I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul.
      8 I gave you your master's house, and your master's wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that would have been too little, I would have added to you many more such things.
      9 Why have you despised the word of Yahweh, to do that which is evil in his sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and have taken his wife to be your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.
      10 Now therefore the sword will never depart from your house, because you have despised me, and have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your wife.'
      11 "This is what Yahweh says: 'Behold, I will raise up evil against you out of your own house; and I will take your wives before your eyes, and give them to your neighbor, and he will lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.
      12 For you did it secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.'"
      13 David said to Nathan, "I have sinned against Yahweh." Nathan said to David, "Yahweh also has put away your sin. You will not die.

      Néhémie 4

      5 don't cover their iniquity, and don't let their sin be blotted out from before you; for they have insulted the builders."

      Psaumes 4

      1 <<For the Chief Musician; on stringed instruments. A Psalm by David.>> Answer me when I call, God of my righteousness. Give me relief from my distress. Have mercy on me, and hear my prayer.

      Psaumes 5

      7 But as for me, in the abundance of your loving kindness I will come into your house. I will bow toward your holy temple in reverence of you.

      Psaumes 25

      6 Yahweh, remember your tender mercies and your loving kindness, for they are from old times.
      7 Don't remember the sins of my youth, nor my transgressions. Remember me according to your loving kindness, for your goodness' sake, Yahweh.

      Psaumes 40

      11 Don't withhold your tender mercies from me, Yahweh. Let your loving kindness and your truth continually preserve me.

      Psaumes 51

      1 <<For the Chief Musician. A Psalm by David, when Nathan the prophet came to him, after he had gone in to Bathsheba.>> Have mercy on me, God, according to your loving kindness. According to the multitude of your tender mercies, blot out my transgressions.
      9 Hide your face from my sins, and blot out all of my iniquities.

      Psaumes 69

      13 But as for me, my prayer is to you, Yahweh, in an acceptable time. God, in the abundance of your loving kindness, answer me in the truth of your salvation.
      16 Answer me, Yahweh, for your loving kindness is good. According to the multitude of your tender mercies, turn to me.

      Psaumes 77

      9 Has God forgotten to be gracious? Has he, in anger, withheld his compassion?" Selah.

      Psaumes 106

      7 Our fathers didn't understand your wonders in Egypt. They didn't remember the multitude of your loving kindnesses, but were rebellious at the sea, even at the Red Sea .
      45 He remembered for them his covenant, and repented according to the multitude of his loving kindnesses.

      Psaumes 109

      21 But deal with me, Yahweh the Lord, for your name's sake, because your loving kindness is good, deliver me;

      Psaumes 119

      124 Deal with your servant according to your loving kindness. Teach me your statutes.

      Psaumes 145

      9 Yahweh is good to all. His tender mercies are over all his works.

      Esaïe 43

      25 I, even I, am he who blots out your transgressions for my own sake; and I will not remember your sins.

      Esaïe 44

      22 I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, your transgressions, and, as a cloud, your sins. Return to me, for I have redeemed you.

      Esaïe 63

      7 I will make mention of the loving kindnesses of Yahweh and the praises of Yahweh, according to all that Yahweh has bestowed on us, and the great goodness toward the house of Israel, which he has bestowed on them according to his mercies, and according to the multitude of his loving kindnesses.
      15 Look down from heaven, and see from the habitation of your holiness and of your glory: where are your zeal and your mighty acts? the yearning of your heart and your compassion is restrained toward me.

      Jérémie 18

      23 Yet, Yahweh, you know all their counsel against me to kill me; don't forgive their iniquity, neither blot out their sin from your sight; but let them be overthrown before you; deal you with them in the time of your anger.

      Lamentations 3

      32 For though he cause grief, yet he will have compassion according to the multitude of his loving kindnesses.

      Daniel 9

      9 To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness; for we have rebelled against him;
      18 My God, turn your ear, and hear; open your eyes, and see our desolations, and the city which is called by your name: for we do not present our petitions before you for our righteousness, but for your great mercies' sake.

      Michée 7

      18 Who is a God like you, who pardons iniquity, and passes over the disobedience of the remnant of his heritage? He doesn't retain his anger forever, because he delights in loving kindness.
      19 He will again have compassion on us. He will tread our iniquities under foot; and you will cast all their sins into the depths of the sea.

      Actes 3

      19 "Repent therefore, and turn again, that your sins may be blotted out, so that there may come times of refreshing from the presence of the Lord,

      Romains 5

      20 The law came in besides, that the trespass might abound; but where sin abounded, grace abounded more exceedingly;
      21 that as sin reigned in death, even so grace might reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

      Ephésiens 1

      6 to the praise of the glory of his grace, by which he freely bestowed favor on us in the Beloved,
      7 in whom we have our redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace,
      8 which he made to abound toward us in all wisdom and prudence,

      Ephésiens 2

      4 But God, being rich in mercy, for his great love with which he loved us,
      5 even when we were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved),
      6 and raised us up with him, and made us to sit with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus,
      7 that in the ages to come he might show the exceeding riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus;

      Colossiens 2

      14 wiping out the handwriting in ordinances which was against us; and he has taken it out of the way, nailing it to the cross;

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