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PHINÉES

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(hébreu Pinekhâs, probablement apparenté à égypt. Pe-nehasi =le nègre).

1. Fils d'Éléazar, et petit-fils d'Aaron (Ex 6:25,1Ch 6:4,50, Esd 7:5). Succéda à son père comme grand-prêtre (Jug 20:28). Il montra son zèle pour l'Éternel à Sittim : le baalisme et la débauche des Israélites en Moab avaient provoqué la colère divine, qui avait frappé le peuple d'une « plaie » ; un Hébreu. ayant osé amener une Madianite jusque dans le camp et dans sa tente, Phinées indigné les suivit et les transperça de sa javeline, et la « plaie » fut arrêtée (No 25:1,9). Pour cet exploit, Phinées reçut la promesse du sacerdoce perpétuel pour sa descendance (No 25:10,13) et fut célébré, plus tard, comme l'exécuteur de la justice de Dieu (Ps 106:30 et suivant, Sir 45:23 et suivant, 1Ma 2:26,54). Dans la guerre contre les Madianites, il accompagnait les combattants, comme prêtre, portant les instruments sacrés (No 31:6). Il rétablit la paix entre les tribus de l'Ouest et celles de l'Est, au sujet d'un autel distinct que celles-ci avaient élevé de

l'autre côté du Jourdain (Jos 22:10-34). 11 était à Béthel, avec l'arche de l'alliance, quand les tribus consultèrent l'Éternel à propos de l'expédition répressive projetée contre la tribu de Benjamin (Jug 20:26,28). Une colline lui avait été donnée dans la montagne d'Éphraïm et portait son nom ; son père y fut enseveli (Jos 24:33). Au retour de l'exil, une famille de prêtres était nommée « enfants de Phinées » (Esd 8:2). On le considérait comme le « chef » des Corites, gardiens des portes du tabernacle (1Ch 9:20).

2. Un des deux fils d'Héli ; voir Hophni et Phinées. Sa femme, apprenant en même temps la défaite d'Israël, la prise de l'arche, la mort de son mari, de son beau-frère et de son beau-père, mourut subitement en donnant le jour à Icabod (1Sa 4:19-22).

3. Père d'Éléazar, contemporain d'Esdras (Esd 8:33).

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Exode 6

      25 Eleazar Aaron's son took one of the daughters of Putiel as his wife; and she bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the fathers' houses of the Levites according to their families.

      Nombres 25

      1 Israel stayed in Shittim; and the people began to play the prostitute with the daughters of Moab:
      9 Those who died by the plague were twenty-four thousand.
      10 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      13 and it shall be to him, and to his seed after him, the covenant of an everlasting priesthood; because he was jealous for his God, and made atonement for the children of Israel.'"

      Nombres 31

      6 Moses sent them, one thousand of every tribe, to the war, them and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the vessels of the sanctuary and the trumpets for the alarm in his hand.

      Josué 22

      10 When they came to the region about the Jordan, that is in the land of Canaan, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh built there an altar by the Jordan, a great altar to look at.
      11 The children of Israel heard this, "Behold, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh have built an altar in the forefront of the land of Canaan, in the region about the Jordan, on the side that pertains to the children of Israel."
      12 When the children of Israel heard of it, the whole congregation of the children of Israel gathered themselves together at Shiloh, to go up against them to war.
      13 The children of Israel sent to the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh, into the land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest,
      14 and with him ten princes, one prince of a fathers' house for each of the tribes of Israel; and they were everyone of them head of their fathers' houses among the thousands of Israel.
      15 They came to the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh, to the land of Gilead, and they spoke with them, saying,
      16 "Thus says the whole congregation of Yahweh, 'What trespass is this that you have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following Yahweh, in that you have built yourselves an altar, to rebel this day against Yahweh?
      17 Is the iniquity of Peor too little for us, from which we have not cleansed ourselves to this day, although there came a plague on the congregation of Yahweh,
      18 that you must turn away this day from following Yahweh? It will be, since you rebel today against Yahweh, that tomorrow he will be angry with the whole congregation of Israel.
      19 However, if the land of your possession is unclean, then pass over to the land of the possession of Yahweh, in which Yahweh's tabernacle dwells, and take possession among us; but don't rebel against Yahweh, nor rebel against us, in building an altar other than the altar of Yahweh our God.
      20 Didn't Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the devoted thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? That man didn't perish alone in his iniquity.'"
      21 Then the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh answered, and spoke to the heads of the thousands of Israel,
      22 "The Mighty One, God, Yahweh, the Mighty One, God, Yahweh, he knows; and Israel shall know: if it was in rebellion, or if in trespass against Yahweh (don't save us this day),
      23 that we have built us an altar to turn away from following Yahweh; or if to offer burnt offering or meal offering, or if to offer sacrifices of peace offerings, let Yahweh himself require it.
      24 "If we have not out of concern done this, and for a reason, saying, 'In time to come your children might speak to our children, saying, "What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel?
      25 For Yahweh has made the Jordan a border between us and you, you children of Reuben and children of Gad. You have no portion in Yahweh."' So your children might make our children cease from fearing Yahweh.
      26 "Therefore we said, 'Let's now prepare to build ourselves an altar, not for burnt offering, nor for sacrifice;
      27 but it will be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we may perform the service of Yahweh before him with our burnt offerings, with our sacrifices, and with our peace offerings;' that your children may not tell our children in time to come, 'You have no portion in Yahweh.'
      28 "Therefore we said, 'It shall be, when they tell us or our generations this in time to come, that we shall say, "Behold the pattern of the altar of Yahweh, which our fathers made, not for burnt offering, nor for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you."'
      29 "Far be it from us that we should rebel against Yahweh, and turn away this day from following Yahweh, to build an altar for burnt offering, for meal offering, or for sacrifice, besides the altar of Yahweh our God that is before his tabernacle!"
      30 When Phinehas the priest, and the princes of the congregation, even the heads of the thousands of Israel that were with him, heard the words that the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the children of Manasseh spoke, it pleased them well.
      31 Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said to the children of Reuben, to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh, "Today we know that Yahweh is in the midst of us, because you have not committed this trespass against Yahweh. Now you have delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of Yahweh."
      32 Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the princes, returned from the children of Reuben, and from the children of Gad, out of the land of Gilead, to the land of Canaan, to the children of Israel, and brought them word again.
      33 The thing pleased the children of Israel; and the children of Israel blessed God, and spoke no more of going up against them to war, to destroy the land in which the children of Reuben and the children of Gad lived.
      34 The children of Reuben and the children of Gad named the altar "A Witness Between Us that Yahweh is God."

      Josué 24

      33 Eleazar the son of Aaron died. They buried him in the hill of Phinehas his son, which was given him in the hill country of Ephraim.

      Juges 20

      26 Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, went up, and came to Bethel, and wept, and sat there before Yahweh, and fasted that day until evening; and they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before Yahweh.
      28 and Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it in those days), saying, "Shall I yet again go out to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother, or shall I cease?" Yahweh said, "Go up; for tomorrow I will deliver him into your hand."

      1 Samuel 4

      19 His daughter-in-law, Phinehas' wife, was with child, near to be delivered. When she heard the news that the ark of God was taken, and that her father-in-law and her husband were dead, she bowed herself and gave birth; for her pains came on her.
      20 About the time of her death the women who stood by her said to her, "Don't be afraid; for you have given birth to a son." But she didn't answer, neither did she regard it.
      21 She named the child Ichabod, saying, "The glory has departed from Israel"; because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.
      22 She said, "The glory has departed from Israel; for the ark of God is taken."

      1 Chroniques 6

      4 Eleazar became the father of Phinehas, Phinehas became the father of Abishua,

      1 Chroniques 9

      20 Phinehas the son of Eleazar was ruler over them in time past, and Yahweh was with him.

      Esdras 7

      5 the son of Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the chief priest;

      Esdras 8

      2 Of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom. Of the sons of Ithamar, Daniel. Of the sons of David, Hattush.
      33 On the fourth day the silver and the gold and the vessels were weighed in the house of our God into the hand of Meremoth the son of Uriah the priest; and with him was Eleazar the son of Phinehas; and with them was Jozabad the son of Jeshua, and Noadiah the son of Binnui, the Levite;

      Psaumes 106

      30 Then Phinehas stood up, and executed judgment, so the plague was stopped.
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