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HUMILITÉ

« L'humilité est le sentiment de notre bassesse devant Dieu » (Vauvenargues) ; autrement dit « le sentiment de notre insuffisance, et particulièrement de notre pauvreté spirituelle » (Jean Monod).

C'est une vertu à peu près insoupçonnée dans le paganisme gréco-romain : ses meilleurs moralistes tendent à l'exaltation de la personnalité humaine par les qualités héroïques qui font la grandeur d'âme (megalopsukhia), et les rares passages de Platon, Aristote, etc., qu'on peut citer en sens inverse se rapportent plutôt à la modestie ; or celle-ci consiste simplement à ne pas se montrer orgueilleux devant les hommes, tandis que l'humilité consiste à ne pas l'être devant Dieu

L'antiquité méprisait une telle disposition d'esprit : le grec tapeïnos comme le latin humilis, dérivés de mots désignant la terre, s'appliquaient ordinairement à ce qui est bas, vil, et aux gens courbés jusqu'en terre, s'humi-liant par abjection.

C'est l'Évangile qui a élevé les humbles (Lu 1:52) ; mais, comme l'indique le fait que cette parole même de Marie est une citation, ou plus exactement une adaptation, de l'A.T. (Job 5:11 etc.), réclosion de la vertu éminemment chrétienne de l'humilité a été préparée par l'expérience religieuse des croyants d'Israël.

Le nom hébreu, des humbles (anâvim ou aniyîm) dérive en effet de la racine désignant l'affliction, l'épreuve, et les caractérise non pas comme des apathiques résignés ou des asservis devenus serviles, mais comme des âmes qui dans le malheur ont pris position morale et religieuse (voir Douceur). Les anâvim, comme les êbionim (=pauvres), sont les coeurs fidèles à Dieu qui ont maintenu dans leur vie personnelle la primauté spirituelle, entre le rituel des prêtres et l'arrivisme des grands ; dédaignés, écrasés par l'égoïsme social, premières victimes des troubles politiques et des malheurs de la défaite et de l'exil, les « Pauvres d'Israël », les « humbles », les « débonnaires », sentant leur totale impuissance et réagissant contre l'orgueil de race et de classe des chefs juifs et des Pharisiens intolérants, ont tourné vers l'Éternel leur entière espérance ; et c'est ainsi qu'ils ont été comme les cellules vivantes du milieu religieux où le Messie devait être attendu et bienvenu (voir A. Causse, les Pauvres d'Israël, Strasbourg, 1922).

L'humilité étant par essence attitude de l'âme devant Dieu, il n'est pas étonnant qu'en dehors de ces anonymes, connus seulement par l'oeuvre collective de leur foi, il y ait peu d'exemples individuels à citer ; encore est-il parfois difficile de démêler de l'humilité la modestie, ou la peur des responsabilités, dans des cas comme ceux d'Abraham (Ge 18:7), Jacob (Ge 32:10), Moïse (Ex 3:11 etc.), Salomon (1Ro 3:7-9), Ésaïe (Esa 6:5), Jérémie (Jer 1:6), etc.

C'est surtout chez David et les psalmistes subséquents (parmi lesquels nous trouvons précisément les « Pauvres ») qu'apparaît l'humble prière ; il ne faut pas attendre d'eux la proclamation de leur humilité, puisqu'en s'affirmant elle tomberait d'elle-même, mais tout psaume d'adoration et, plus encore, de repentance, comme les sept Psaumes pénitentiaux (Ps 6, Ps 32, Ps 51 etc.), est le jaillissement de cet état d'âme. Peut-être trouverait-on quelque chose d'analogue dans certains hymnes des religions babylonienne, perse ou hindoue. Mais les croyants et prophètes d'Israël donnent une extrême importance à l'humilité, comme condition même de l'accès auprès de Dieu et de la communion avec lui (Ps 25:9 69:33 116:6 138:6, Pr 3:34 11:2 15:33 22:4 29:23, Sir 3:17 et suivants, Sop 2:3 3:12, Esa 57:15 66:2) ; c'est l'une des trois exigences primordiales de Jéhovah d'après la célèbre déclaration de Michée (Mic 6:8), c'est l'un des^ caractères du Serviteur de l'Éternel, d'après Esa 42:3 qui la décrit sans la nommer, comme aussi du Roi-Messie annoncé par Zacharie (Za 9:9).

Au seuil de l'Évangile, Jean-Baptiste prêche avec la repentance l'humilité (montagnes et collines abaissées, etc.) comme condition d'entrée au Royaume (Lu 3:4,8,16). c'est le sens de la première des béatitudes : « Heureux les pauvres en esprit », qui à travers les « Pauvres d'Israël » revient à dire : « Heureux les humbles ! » (Mt 5:3, comp, v. 6 et Lu 6:20). Comme l'enfant Jésus avait été accueilli par les humbles croyants (Lu 1 et Lu 2), ainsi le Seigneur Jésus est envoyé à ceux qui se sentent pauvres, enfants, malades, perdus (Mt 9:12 18:4, Lu 4:18 19:10 22:26) ; il montre un humble devant Dieu, dans le péager de la parabole (Lu 18:9-14). Les apôtres, exhortent leurs frères et s'exhortent eux-mêmes à l'humilité (Ro 12:19, Eph 4:2, Php 2:3, Jas 1:9 4:6,1Pi 3:8) ; en une figure volontairement paradoxale, ils comparent cette vertu cachée par excellence à un vêtement (Col 3:12), à un ornement (1Pi 5:5).

De tous ces passages il ressort bien que l'humilité n'est pas seulement, comme la définit saint Bernard, le sentiment de notre bassesse découlant de la connaissance la plus exacte de nous-mêmes (ex veris-sima sui cognitione), car on peut se sentir faible et en être par orgueil envieux, déprimé ou révolté. C'est uniquement de nos relations avec Dieu que peut naître notre humilité : Dieu infini devant nous infimes (Ps 8:2-5), Dieu saint devant nous pécheurs (Esa 6:5), Dieu Sauveur qui prend l'initiative de sa réconciliation avec nous (Ro 5:6,11), Dieu bon qui nous comble de grâces imméritées (1Co 4:7), Dieu Père qui nous associe à son oeuvre d'amour pour l'humanité (2Co 5 : et suivants). Si les premiers aspects du contraste étaient de nature à nous humilier (voir Humiliation), à nous ployer dans la poussière pour nous amener à la repentance, les suivants nous font relever la tête en rassurant notre coeur pardonné et en faisant appel à notre volonté consacrée.

Aussi l'Écriture nous présente-t-elle toujours l'humilité, non comme un but en soi, mais comme la condition des autres vertus et de l'élévation véritable, celle de la gloire (Lu 14:11, Mt 23:12, cf. les textes déjà cités). Ainsi, l'humilité chrétienne n'a rien d'affecté ni d'obséquieux ; (cf. Col 2:18,23) elle n'est pas plus la fausse modestie que le découragement, la méconnaissance de notre valeur ou l'abandon de notre dignité ; elle est la joyeuse acceptation de notre dépendance de fait à l'égard de Dieu, et de notre dépendance volontaire au service de nos frères ; elle nous libère de la satisfaction de nous-mêmes, toujours paralysante, et nous inspire continuellement le besoin de progrès nouveaux (Php 3:12,14). Éminemment stimulante et féconde, c'est elle qui nous apprend (pour adapter à notre propos le langage de Kant) à ne jamais considérer notre moi comme une fin, mais toujours comme un moyen, au service de Dieu et de l'humanité.

Voilà pourquoi Jésus lui-même a pu, quoique Seigneur et Maître, en donner aussi l'exemple. De Dieu, le seul Être bon d'une façon absolue (Mr 10:18), il se sentait complètement dépendant, pour réaliser Ses desseins (Jn 5:19,30) en apprenant, bien qu'il fût Fils, l'obéissance dans la souffrance (Heb 5:8) ; ce n'est pas sa propre gloire qu'il cherchait (Jn 8:30) ; aussi avait-il le droit, au moment même où il disait : « Venez à moi », de se qualifier « humble de coeur » (Mt 11:28,30). Le quatrième évang, marque magnifiquement en lui l'étroite union de la dignité suprême et de la suprême humilité : « Jésus, qui savait que le Père lui avait remis toutes choses entre les mains, qu'il était venu de Dieu, et qu'il s'en allait à Dieu » (ayant donc conscience de son incommensurable supériorité), « ... se ceignit d'un linge, remplit d'eau le bassin et se mit à laver les pieds de ses disciples » --besogne d'esclave ! --pour leur enseigner l'humilité dans le service et l'amour fraternel (Jn 13:3,12). De même saint Paul ayant à répéter une exhortation analogue à ses amis de Philippes, leur rappelle l'idéal d'humilité et de désintéressement du Maître : « Ayez les mêmes sentiments que Jésus-Christ a eus, lui qui, étant en forme de Dieu..., s'est anéanti lui-même, prenant la forme d'un serviteur..., et s'est abaissé lui-même, se rendant obéissant jusqu'à la mort, et jusqu'à la mort de la croix... » (Php 2:3,8). Cette humilité du Seigneur, sublimité dans la consécration jusqu'au sacrifice, c'est l'idéal divin qui dicte au pécheur, certes ! sa propre humilité, simplicité dans sa repentance et dans sa consécration ; et ce qui l'en rend capable, c'est la puissance souveraine de ce Seigneur vivant.

--Voir (Php 2:9,11) Trench, Syn. N.T., parag. XLII ; Jean Monod, art. Humilité dans Encycl., t. VI, p. 422. Jn L.

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      Genèse 18

      7 Abraham ran to the herd, and fetched a tender and good calf, and gave it to the servant. He hurried to dress it.

      Genèse 32

      10 I am not worthy of the least of all the loving kindnesses, and of all the truth, which you have shown to your servant; for with just my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I have become two companies.

      Exode 3

      11 Moses said to God, "Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the children of Israel out of Egypt?"

      Job 5

      11 so that he sets up on high those who are low, those who mourn are exalted to safety.

      Psaumes 6

      1 <> Yahweh, don't rebuke me in your anger, neither discipline me in your wrath.
      2 Have mercy on me, Yahweh, for I am faint. Yahweh, heal me, for my bones are troubled.
      3 My soul is also in great anguish. But you, Yahweh--how long?
      4 Return, Yahweh. Deliver my soul, and save me for your loving kindness' sake.
      5 For in death there is no memory of you. In Sheol , who shall give you thanks?
      6 I am weary with my groaning. Every night I flood my bed. I drench my couch with my tears.
      7 My eye wastes away because of grief. It grows old because of all my adversaries.
      8 Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity, for Yahweh has heard the voice of my weeping.
      9 Yahweh has heard my supplication. Yahweh accepts my prayer.
      10 May all my enemies be ashamed and dismayed. They shall turn back, they shall be disgraced suddenly.

      Psaumes 8

      2 From the lips of babes and infants you have established strength, because of your adversaries, that you might silence the enemy and the avenger.
      3 When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have ordained;
      4 what is man, that you think of him? What is the son of man, that you care for him?
      5 For you have made him a little lower than God, and crowned him with glory and honor.

      Psaumes 25

      9 He will guide the humble in justice. He will teach the humble his way.

      Psaumes 32

      1 <> Blessed is he whose disobedience is forgiven, whose sin is covered.
      2 Blessed is the man to whom Yahweh doesn't impute iniquity, in whose spirit there is no deceit.
      3 When I kept silence, my bones wasted away through my groaning all day long.
      4 For day and night your hand was heavy on me. My strength was sapped in the heat of summer. Selah.
      5 I acknowledged my sin to you. I didn't hide my iniquity. I said, I will confess my transgressions to Yahweh, and you forgave the iniquity of my sin. Selah.
      6 For this, let everyone who is godly pray to you in a time when you may be found. Surely when the great waters overflow, they shall not reach to him.
      7 You are my hiding place. You will preserve me from trouble. You will surround me with songs of deliverance. Selah.
      8 I will instruct you and teach you in the way which you shall go. I will counsel you with my eye on you.
      9 Don't be like the horse, or like the mule, which have no understanding, who are controlled by bit and bridle, or else they will not come near to you.
      10 Many sorrows come to the wicked, but loving kindness shall surround him who trusts in Yahweh.
      11 Be glad in Yahweh, and rejoice, you righteous! Shout for joy, all you who are upright in heart!

      Psaumes 51

      1 <> Have mercy on me, God, according to your loving kindness. According to the multitude of your tender mercies, blot out my transgressions.
      2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity. Cleanse me from my sin.
      3 For I know my transgressions. My sin is constantly before me.
      4 Against you, and you only, have I sinned, and done that which is evil in your sight; that you may be proved right when you speak, and justified when you judge.
      5 Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity. In sin my mother conceived me.
      6 Behold, you desire truth in the inward parts. You teach me wisdom in the inmost place.
      7 Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean. Wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.
      8 Let me hear joy and gladness, That the bones which you have broken may rejoice.
      9 Hide your face from my sins, and blot out all of my iniquities.
      10 Create in me a clean heart, O God. Renew a right spirit within me.
      11 Don't throw me from your presence, and don't take your holy Spirit from me.
      12 Restore to me the joy of your salvation. Uphold me with a willing spirit.
      13 Then I will teach transgressors your ways. Sinners shall be converted to you.
      14 Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, the God of my salvation. My tongue shall sing aloud of your righteousness.
      15 Lord, open my lips. My mouth shall declare your praise.
      16 For you don't delight in sacrifice, or else I would give it. You have no pleasure in burnt offering.
      17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. A broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise.
      18 Do well in your good pleasure to Zion. Build the walls of Jerusalem.
      19 Then you will delight in the sacrifices of righteousness, in burnt offerings and in whole burnt offerings. Then they will offer bulls on your altar.

      Psaumes 69

      33 For Yahweh hears the needy, and doesn't despise his captive people.

      Psaumes 116

      6 Yahweh preserves the simple. I was brought low, and he saved me.

      Psaumes 138

      6 For though Yahweh is high, yet he looks after the lowly; but the proud, he knows from afar.

      Proverbes 3

      34 Surely he mocks the mockers, but he gives grace to the humble.

      Proverbes 11

      2 When pride comes, then comes shame, but with humility comes wisdom.

      Proverbes 15

      33 The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom. Before honor is humility.

      Proverbes 22

      4 The result of humility and the fear of Yahweh is wealth, honor, and life.

      Proverbes 29

      23 A man's pride brings him low, but one of lowly spirit gains honor.

      Esaïe 6

      5 Then I said, "Woe is me! For I am undone, because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for my eyes have seen the King, Yahweh of Armies!"

      Esaïe 42

      3 He won't break a bruised reed. He won't quench a dimly burning wick. He will faithfully bring justice.

      Esaïe 57

      15 For thus says the high and lofty One who inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy: "I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also who is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite.

      Esaïe 66

      2 For all these things has my hand made, and so all these things came to be," says Yahweh: "but to this man will I look, even to him who is poor and of a contrite spirit, and who trembles at my word.

      Jérémie 1

      6 Then I said, "Ah, Lord Yahweh! Behold, I don't know how to speak; for I am a child."

      Michée 6

      8 He has shown you, O man, what is good. What does Yahweh require of you, but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?

      Zacharie 9

      9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King comes to you! He is righteous, and having salvation; lowly, and riding on a donkey, even on a colt, the foal of a donkey.

      Matthieu 5

      3 "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.

      Matthieu 9

      12 When Jesus heard it, he said to them, "Those who are healthy have no need for a physician, but those who are sick do.

      Matthieu 11

      28 "Come to me, all you who labor and are heavily burdened, and I will give you rest.
      30 For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light."

      Matthieu 18

      4 Whoever therefore humbles himself as this little child, the same is the greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven.

      Matthieu 23

      12 Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.

      Marc 10

      18 Jesus said to him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good except one--God.

      Luc 1

      1 Since many have undertaken to set in order a narrative concerning those matters which have been fulfilled among us,
      2 even as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word delivered them to us,
      3 it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write to you in order, most excellent Theophilus;
      4 that you might know the certainty concerning the things in which you were instructed.
      5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the priestly division of Abijah. He had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.
      6 They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord.
      7 But they had no child, because Elizabeth was barren, and they both were well advanced in years.
      8 Now it happened, while he executed the priest's office before God in the order of his division,
      9 according to the custom of the priest's office, his lot was to enter into the temple of the Lord and burn incense.
      10 The whole multitude of the people were praying outside at the hour of incense.
      11 An angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing on the right side of the altar of incense.
      12 Zacharias was troubled when he saw him, and fear fell upon him.
      13 But the angel said to him, "Don't be afraid, Zacharias, because your request has been heard, and your wife, Elizabeth, will bear you a son, and you shall call his name John.
      14 You will have joy and gladness; and many will rejoice at his birth.
      15 For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and he will drink no wine nor strong drink. He will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother's womb.
      16 He will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord, their God.
      17 He will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, 'to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children,' and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to prepare a people prepared for the Lord."
      18 Zacharias said to the angel, "How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is well advanced in years."
      19 The angel answered him, "I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God. I was sent to speak to you, and to bring you this good news.
      20 Behold, you will be silent and not able to speak, until the day that these things will happen, because you didn't believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their proper time."
      21 The people were waiting for Zacharias, and they marveled that he delayed in the temple.
      22 When he came out, he could not speak to them, and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple. He continued making signs to them, and remained mute.
      23 It happened, when the days of his service were fulfilled, he departed to his house.
      24 After these days Elizabeth, his wife, conceived, and she hid herself five months, saying,
      25 "Thus has the Lord done to me in the days in which he looked at me, to take away my reproach among men."
      26 Now in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee, named Nazareth,
      27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. The virgin's name was Mary.
      28 Having come in, the angel said to her, "Rejoice, you highly favored one! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women!"
      29 But when she saw him, she was greatly troubled at the saying, and considered what kind of salutation this might be.
      30 The angel said to her, "Don't be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God.
      31 Behold, you will conceive in your womb, and bring forth a son, and will call his name 'Jesus.'
      32 He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father, David,
      33 and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever. There will be no end to his Kingdom."
      34 Mary said to the angel, "How can this be, seeing I am a virgin?"
      35 The angel answered her, "The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy one who is born from you will be called the Son of God.
      36 Behold, Elizabeth, your relative, also has conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren.
      37 For everything spoken by God is possible."
      38 Mary said, "Behold, the handmaid of the Lord; be it to me according to your word." The angel departed from her.
      39 Mary arose in those days and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Judah,
      40 and entered into the house of Zacharias and greeted Elizabeth.
      41 It happened, when Elizabeth heard Mary's greeting, that the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
      42 She called out with a loud voice, and said, "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb!
      43 Why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?
      44 For behold, when the voice of your greeting came into my ears, the baby leaped in my womb for joy!
      45 Blessed is she who believed, for there will be a fulfillment of the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord!"
      46 Mary said, "My soul magnifies the Lord.
      47 My spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior,
      48 for he has looked at the humble state of his handmaid. For behold, from now on, all generations will call me blessed.
      49 For he who is mighty has done great things for me. Holy is his name.
      50 His mercy is for generations of generations on those who fear him.
      51 He has shown strength with his arm. He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.
      52 He has put down princes from their thrones. And has exalted the lowly.
      53 He has filled the hungry with good things. He has sent the rich away empty.
      54 He has given help to Israel, his servant, that he might remember mercy,
      55 As he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and his seed forever."
      56 Mary stayed with her about three months, and then returned to her house.
      57 Now the time that Elizabeth should give birth was fulfilled, and she brought forth a son.
      58 Her neighbors and her relatives heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy towards her, and they rejoiced with her.
      59 It happened on the eighth day, that they came to circumcise the child; and they would have called him Zacharias, after the name of the father.
      60 His mother answered, "Not so; but he will be called John."
      61 They said to her, "There is no one among your relatives who is called by this name."
      62 They made signs to his father, what he would have him called.
      63 He asked for a writing tablet, and wrote, "His name is John." They all marveled.
      64 His mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue freed, and he spoke, blessing God.
      65 Fear came on all who lived around them, and all these sayings were talked about throughout all the hill country of Judea.
      66 All who heard them laid them up in their heart, saying, "What then will this child be?" The hand of the Lord was with him.
      67 His father, Zacharias, was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying,
      68 "Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, for he has visited and worked redemption for his people;
      69 and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David
      70 (as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets who have been from of old),
      71 salvation from our enemies, and from the hand of all who hate us;
      72 to show mercy towards our fathers, to remember his holy covenant,
      73 the oath which he spoke to Abraham, our father,
      74 to grant to us that we, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies, should serve him without fear,
      75 In holiness and righteousness before him all the days of our life.
      76 And you, child, will be called a prophet of the Most High, for you will go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways,
      77 to give knowledge of salvation to his people by the remission of their sins,
      78 because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the dawn from on high will visit us,
      79 to shine on those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death; to guide our feet into the way of peace."
      80 The child was growing, and becoming strong in spirit, and was in the desert until the day of his public appearance to Israel.

      Luc 2

      1 Now it happened in those days, that a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be enrolled.
      2 This was the first enrollment made when Quirinius was governor of Syria.
      3 All went to enroll themselves, everyone to his own city.
      4 Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David;
      5 to enroll himself with Mary, who was pledged to be married to him as wife, being pregnant.
      6 It happened, while they were there, that the day had come that she should give birth.
      7 She brought forth her firstborn son, and she wrapped him in bands of cloth, and laid him in a feeding trough, because there was no room for them in the inn.
      8 There were shepherds in the same country staying in the field, and keeping watch by night over their flock.
      9 Behold, an angel of the Lord stood by them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were terrified.
      10 The angel said to them, "Don't be afraid, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy which will be to all the people.
      11 For there is born to you, this day, in the city of David, a Savior, who is Christ the Lord.
      12 This is the sign to you: you will find a baby wrapped in strips of cloth, lying in a feeding trough."
      13 Suddenly, there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly army praising God, and saying,
      14 "Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace, good will toward men."
      15 It happened, when the angels went away from them into the sky, that the shepherds said one to another, "Let's go to Bethlehem, now, and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us."
      16 They came with haste, and found both Mary and Joseph, and the baby was lying in the feeding trough.
      17 When they saw it, they publicized widely the saying which was spoken to them about this child.
      18 All who heard it wondered at the things which were spoken to them by the shepherds.
      19 But Mary kept all these sayings, pondering them in her heart.
      20 The shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, just as it was told them.
      21 When eight days were fulfilled for the circumcision of the child, his name was called Jesus, which was given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
      22 When the days of their purification according to the law of Moses were fulfilled, they brought him up to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord
      23 (as it is written in the law of the Lord, "Every male who opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord"),
      24 and to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, "A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons."
      25 Behold, there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, looking for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was on him.
      26 It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Lord's Christ.
      27 He came in the Spirit into the temple. When the parents brought in the child, Jesus, that they might do concerning him according to the custom of the law,
      28 then he received him into his arms, and blessed God, and said,
      29 "Now you are releasing your servant, Master, according to your word, in peace;
      30 for my eyes have seen your salvation,
      31 which you have prepared before the face of all peoples;
      32 a light for revelation to the nations, and the glory of your people Israel."
      33 Joseph and his mother were marveling at the things which were spoken concerning him,
      34 and Simeon blessed them, and said to Mary, his mother, "Behold, this child is set for the falling and the rising of many in Israel, and for a sign which is spoken against.
      35 Yes, a sword will pierce through your own soul, that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed."
      36 There was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher (she was of a great age, having lived with a husband seven years from her virginity,
      37 and she had been a widow for about eighty-four years), who didn't depart from the temple, worshipping with fastings and petitions night and day.
      38 Coming up at that very hour, she gave thanks to the Lord, and spoke of him to all those who were looking for redemption in Jerusalem.
      39 When they had accomplished all things that were according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city, Nazareth.
      40 The child was growing, and was becoming strong in spirit, being filled with wisdom, and the grace of God was upon him.
      41 His parents went every year to Jerusalem at the feast of the Passover.
      42 When he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem according to the custom of the feast,
      43 and when they had fulfilled the days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. Joseph and his mother didn't know it,
      44 but supposing him to be in the company, they went a day's journey, and they looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances.
      45 When they didn't find him, they returned to Jerusalem, looking for him.
      46 It happened after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, both listening to them, and asking them questions.
      47 All who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers.
      48 When they saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, "Son, why have you treated us this way? Behold, your father and I were anxiously looking for you."
      49 He said to them, "Why were you looking for me? Didn't you know that I must be in my Father's house?"
      50 They didn't understand the saying which he spoke to them.
      51 And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth. He was subject to them, and his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.
      52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men.

      Luc 3

      4 As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, "The voice of one crying in the wilderness, 'Make ready the way of the Lord. Make his paths straight.
      8 Bring forth therefore fruits worthy of repentance, and don't begin to say among yourselves, 'We have Abraham for our father;' for I tell you that God is able to raise up children to Abraham from these stones!
      16 John answered them all, "I indeed baptize you with water, but he comes who is mightier than I, the latchet of whose sandals I am not worthy to loosen. He will baptize you in the Holy Spirit and fire,

      Luc 4

      18 "The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim release to the captives, recovering of sight to the blind, to deliver those who are crushed,

      Luc 6

      20 He lifted up his eyes to his disciples, and said, "Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the Kingdom of God.

      Luc 14

      11 For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted."

      Luc 18

      9 He spoke also this parable to certain people who were convinced of their own righteousness, and who despised all others.
      10 "Two men went up into the temple to pray; one was a Pharisee, and the other was a tax collector.
      11 The Pharisee stood and prayed to himself like this: 'God, I thank you, that I am not like the rest of men, extortioners, unrighteous, adulterers, or even like this tax collector.
      12 I fast twice a week. I give tithes of all that I get.'
      13 But the tax collector, standing far away, wouldn't even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, 'God, be merciful to me, a sinner!'
      14 I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted."

      Luc 19

      10 For the Son of Man came to seek and to save that which was lost."

      Luc 22

      26 But not so with you. But one who is the greater among you, let him become as the younger, and one who is governing, as one who serves.

      Jean 5

      19 Jesus therefore answered them, "Most certainly, I tell you, the Son can do nothing of himself, but what he sees the Father doing. For whatever things he does, these the Son also does likewise.
      30 I can of myself do nothing. As I hear, I judge, and my judgment is righteous; because I don't seek my own will, but the will of my Father who sent me.

      Jean 8

      30 As he spoke these things, many believed in him.

      Jean 13

      3 Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he came forth from God, and was going to God,
      12 So when he had washed their feet, put his outer garment back on, and sat down again, he said to them, "Do you know what I have done to you?

      Romains 5

      6 For while we were yet weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly.
      11 Not only so, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received the reconciliation.

      Romains 12

      19 Don't seek revenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to God's wrath. For it is written, "Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord."

      1 Corinthiens 4

      7 For who makes you different? And what do you have that you didn't receive? But if you did receive it, why do you boast as if you had not received it?

      2 Corinthiens 5

      1 For we know that if the earthly house of our tent is dissolved, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal, in the heavens.
      2 For most certainly in this we groan, longing to be clothed with our habitation which is from heaven;
      3 if so be that being clothed we will not be found naked.
      4 For indeed we who are in this tent do groan, being burdened; not that we desire to be unclothed, but that we desire to be clothed, that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life.
      5 Now he who made us for this very thing is God, who also gave to us the down payment of the Spirit.
      6 Therefore we are always confident and know that while we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord;
      7 for we walk by faith, not by sight.
      8 We are courageous, I say, and are willing rather to be absent from the body, and to be at home with the Lord.
      9 Therefore also we make it our aim, whether at home or absent, to be well pleasing to him.
      10 For we must all be revealed before the judgment seat of Christ; that each one may receive the things in the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad.
      11 Knowing therefore the fear of the Lord, we persuade men, but we are revealed to God; and I hope that we are revealed also in your consciences.
      12 For we are not commending ourselves to you again, but speak as giving you occasion of boasting on our behalf, that you may have something to answer those who boast in appearance, and not in heart.
      13 For if we are beside ourselves, it is for God. Or if we are of sober mind, it is for you.
      14 For the love of Christ constrains us; because we judge thus, that one died for all, therefore all died.
      15 He died for all, that those who live should no longer live to themselves, but to him who for their sakes died and rose again.
      16 Therefore we know no one after the flesh from now on. Even though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now we know him so no more.
      17 Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old things have passed away. Behold, all things have become new.
      18 But all things are of God, who reconciled us to himself through Jesus Christ, and gave to us the ministry of reconciliation;
      19 namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not reckoning to them their trespasses, and having committed to us the word of reconciliation.
      20 We are therefore ambassadors on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God.
      21 For him who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf; so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.

      Ephésiens 4

      2 with all lowliness and humility, with patience, bearing with one another in love;

      Colossiens 2

      18 Let no one rob you of your prize by a voluntary humility and worshipping of the angels, dwelling in the things which he has not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind,
      23 Which things indeed appear like wisdom in self-imposed worship, and humility, and severity to the body; but aren't of any value against the indulgence of the flesh.

      Colossiens 3

      12 Put on therefore, as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved, a heart of compassion, kindness, lowliness, humility, and perseverance;

      Hébreux 5

      8 though he was a Son, yet learned obedience by the things which he suffered.

      Jacques 1

      9 But let the brother in humble circumstances glory in his high position;

      Jacques 4

      6 But he gives more grace. Therefore it says, "God resists the proud, but gives grace to the humble."

      1 Pierre 3

      8 Finally, be all like-minded, compassionate, loving as brothers, tenderhearted, courteous,

      1 Pierre 5

      5 Likewise, you younger ones, be subject to the elder. Yes, all of you clothe yourselves with humility, to subject yourselves to one another; for "God resists the proud, but gives grace to the humble."
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